Examinando por Materia "Substrates"

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Effect of Saponins from Chenopodium quinoa Willd. on Methane Production, Short Chain Fatty Acids and Digestibility in vitro Ruminal Fermentation
(2024-11-01) Alegría Arnedo, Maria Cecilia; Gomez Bravo, Carlos Alfredo; Quispe Jacobo, Fredy Enrique
The objective of this study was to assess the effects of saponins derived from Chenopodium quinoa by-products on methane (CH4) production in a ruminal fermentation system under in vitro conditions. Additionally, the study included the analysis of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and true dry matter digestibility (TDMD). The saponin extracts obtained from three quinoa varieties were Altiplano (AS), Quillahuaman (QS), and Salcedo (SS), and were tested at six different doses (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0mg/mL) each. Rumen fluid was obtained from two fistulated Junín breed sheep, with alfalfa hay (AH) and a 1:1 mixture of maize and bran (MB) was used as basal substrates. The data were processed in a completely randomized design and replicated three times. The CH4 per dry matter (mL/g DM), after 24h of incubation significantly decreased, acetate molar concentration decreased (p<0.05) with AS (3.6%) and QS (6.4%), propionate values increased (P<0.05) to 14.4% (AS), 15.7% (QS), and 15.5% (SS), the acetate-to-propionate ratio decreased (P<0.05) across all saponins treatments compared to the control and irrespective the substrates. The CH4 to TDMD ratio decreased (P<0.05) with all saponins. Methane inhibition (mL CH4/100mgTDMD) was higher by up 25.7% in the presence of AS, followed by QS at 18.7% and SS at 14.6%. The results indicate that saponins extracted from quinoa possess significant potential as feed additives for ruminants. Their application could contribute to the reduction of methane production, which would be advantageous for both livestock efficiency and environmental sustainability.
Emergence, growth, and quality of Calycophyllum spruceanum plants produced in different containers and substrates
(John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2024-12-29) Guerra Arévalo, Wilson Francisco; Cercado Delgado, José Roy; Espinoza García, Héctor Francisco; Ucañay Ayllon, Tatiana Mildred; García Soria, Diego Gonzalo; Abanto Rodríguez, Carlos; del Castillo Torres, Dennis; Freitas Alvarado, Luis Ernesto; Díaz Soria, Rossana; Guerra Arévalo, Héctor
The growing demand for Calycophyllum spruceanum is causing strong pressure on natural populations due to anthropogenic activities. For this reason, it is urgent to develop propagation technologies and production of plants for reforestation activities and establishment of forest plantations for their use and conservation. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of different substrates and containers on the emergence and growth of C. spruceanum. For this purpose, two experiments were conducted. In the first, four substrates were tested to evaluate seedling emergence, while in the second, the growth and quality of plants in different containers and substrates were determined. The maximum emergence values of 62.3%, emergency speed index (ESI) of 2.2, and mean emergence time of 29.9 were determined using a combination of carbonized rice husk (CRH), chicken manure, and decomposed sawdust in a 1:1:1 ratio. The combination of the plastic bag container with CRH and poultry manure in a 1:1 ratio. Substrate gave the best results for total dry biomass (27.40), lignification index (0.19), robustness index (5.56), and Dickson’s quality index (3.26). Therefore, the use of CRH, poultry manure, and decomposed sawdust in a 1:1:1 ratio is recommended for seedling emergence. Similarly, the use of a plastic bag-type container and the substrate CRH and chicken manure in a 1:1 ratio is recommended for the production of C. spruceanum plants.