Examinando por Materia "Peruvian Amazon"

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A multiple-species participatory domestication programme in the Peruvian Amazon: experiences and results to date
(2005-01) Cornelius, J.; Sotelo Montes, C.; Ugarte Guerra, Julio; Weber, John C.; Ricse Tembladera, Auberto
In 1995, the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) and partners initiated a participatory agroforestry domestication programme in the Aguaytía Watershed and Alto Amazonas province of the Peruvian Amazon. The programme, aimed primarily at conservation-through-use of genetic diversity, began with formal, participatory prioritization, leading to selection of four species: bolaina blanca (Guazuma crinita Martius: Sterculiaceae),capirona (Calycophyllum spruceanum (Bentham) Hooker f. Ex Schumann)), guaba (Inga edulis C. Martius: Leguminosae (Mimosoideae)), peach palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunth: Palmae). Open-pollinated seed of each was collected from farmer-selected mother trees, and used in the establishment of a series of seedling seed orchards / progeny tests, the individual blocks of which were dispersed on lands of individual collaborating farmers. Almost ten years later these trials are beginning to produce seed, the Aguaytían famers have organized themselves into a wood and seed producers’ cooperative, the technology developed is being adopted more widely, and genetic results are becoming available. We describe the programme and its results in detail, with special emphasis on its innovative features. Subsequently, we evaluate success to date in relation both to initial objectives and the programme’s response to the evolving local forestry and development environment. Finally, we consider future priorities.
Attack by the mahogany shoot borer, Hypsipyla grandella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), on the Meliaceous trees in the Peruvian Amazon
(Springer, 1992-02-25) Yamazaki, Saburo; Ikeda, Toshiya; Akihiko, Taketani; Vasquez Pacheco, Carlos Salomon; Sato, Takashi
The infestation of meliaceous species by the mahogany shoot borer, Hypsipyla grandella ZELLER, was investigated in plantation areas of the Peruvian Amazon. Damage was particularly great on line plantings and plantings in opened areas. Cedrela odorata was attacked by H. grandella from 0 to 10 times during 16 months, averaging 3 attacks per tree. The upper main stem of trees was more frequently attacked than offshoots or middle stems. First to second instar larvae were mostly found in the offshoot, whereas the older larvae were found most frequently in the upper main stem. Both C. odorata and Swietenia macrophylla sprouted 3 to 5.5 times a year, averaging 3.7 and 4.4 times, respectively. Flushing was concentrated in the rainy season and was rare in the middle of the dry season, resulting in a rapid increase of H. grandella in the former. The attack of Hypsipyla on the main stem triggered sprouting, which seemed to keep the pest density at a certain level in the dry season. The percentage of newly attacked trees per month tended to be slightly higher in C. odorata than in S. macrophylla.
Carbon stocks in coffee farms and secondary forest systems in the Peruvian Amazon rainforest
(Research square, 2023-09-15) Vallejos Torres, Geomar; Gaona Jimenez, Nery; Ordoñez, Luis; Vallejos Torres, Andi; Mendoza Caballero, Wilfredo; Arévalo López, Luis Alberto; Saavedra Ramírez, Jorge; Macedo, Wilder; Reategui, Keneth; Baselly Villanueva, Juan Rodrigo; Marín, César
Secondary forests and coffee cultivation systems with shade trees might have great potential for carbon sequestration as a means of climate change adaptation and mitigation. This study aimed to measure carbon stocks in coffee plantations under different managements and secondary forest systems in the Peruvian Amazon rainforest (San Martín Region). The carbon stock in secondary forest trees was estimated using allometric equations, while carbon stocks in soil, herbaceous biomass, and leaf litter were determined through sampling and laboratory analysis. The biomass carbon stock in secondary forests was 132.2 t/ha, while in coffee plantations with Inga sp. shade trees it was 118.2 t/ha. Carbon stocks were 76.5 t/ha in coffee with polyculture farming, and the lowest amount of carbon was found in coffee without shade trees (31.1 t/ha). The carbon sequestered by coffee plants in all agroforestry systems examined had an average of 2.65 t/ha, corresponding to 4.63 % of the total carbon sequestered, being the highest stored in the coffee system with Inga sp. shade trees. A higher content of glomalin-related soil proteins (GRSP) was found in coffee without shade trees, with 18.5 mg/g. This is evidence that Inga sp. is the most compatible model of shade system for coffee farms. We recommend the conservation of secondary forests due to the greater biomass and carbon storage, and establishing coffee plantations with Inga sp. shade trees for its integral benefits, such as climate change mitigation.