Examinando por Materia "Microbiome"

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Biocontrol and Plant Growth-Promoting Potential of Bacillus and Actinomycetes Isolated from the Rhizosphere and Phyllosphere of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) from Different Agroecological Zones of Peru
(MDPI, 2025-12-23) Mamani Rojas, Lizbeth Margarita; Rengifo Sánchez, Raihil Rabindranath; Velarde Apaza, Leslie Diana; Ramírez Rojas, Max; Cántaro Segura, Hector
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a key staple crop in the Peruvian Andes, but its productivity is threatened by fungal pathogens such as Rhizoctonia solani and Alternaria alternata. In this study, 71 native bacterial strains (39 from phyllosphere and 32 from rhizosphere) were isolated from potato plants across five agroecological zones of Peru and characterized for their plant growth-promoting (PGPR) and antagonistic traits. Actinomycetes demonstrated broader enzymatic profiles, with 2ACPP4 and 2ACPP8 showing high proteolytic (68.4%, 63.4%), lipolytic (59.5%, 60.6%), chitinolytic (32.7%, 35.5%) and amylolytic activity (76.3%, 71.5%). Strain 5ACPP5 (Streptomyces decoyicus) produced 42.8% chitinase and solubilized both dicalcium (120.6%) and tricalcium phosphate (122.3%). The highest IAA production was recorded in Bacillus strain 2BPP8 (95.4 µg/mL), while 5ACPP6 was the highest among Actinomycetes (83.4 µg/mL). Siderophore production was highest in 5ACPP5 (412.4%) and 2ACPP4 (406.8%). In vitro antagonism assays showed that 5ACPP5 inhibited R. solani and A. alternata by 86.4% and 68.9%, respectively, while Bacillus strain BPP4 reached 51.0% inhibition against A. alternata. In greenhouse trials, strain 4BPP8 significantly increased fresh tuber weight (11.91 g), while 5ACPP5 enhanced root biomass and reduced stem canker severity. Molecular identification confirmed BPP4 as Bacillus halotolerans and 5ACPP5 as Streptomyces decoyicus. These strains represent promising candidates for the development of bioinoculants for sustainable potato cultivation in Andean systems.
Impact and control of transboundary and invasive banana (Musa spp.) Wilt pathogen, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense
(Springer Nature, 2025-06-25) Sasaki, Nobumitsu; Yokoi, Satoshi; Trigoso Hidalgo, Carla Ximena; Suzuki, Sakae; Takahashi, Sakura; Sha, Kei-ai; Fukuhara, Toshiyuki; Nomura, Yoshihiro; Yamada, Masaaki; Watanabe, Haruka; Kashiwa, Takeshi; Kodama, Motoichiro; Kido, Kazutaka; Abe, Tomoko; Casas Díaz, Andrés Virgilio; Aragón Caballero, Lilliana María; Palomo Herrera, Angel Alfonso; Gonzáles Miranda, María del Carmen; Nishida, Yuichi; Ono Morikawa, Cecilia Inés; Gutiérrez Reynoso, Dina Lida; Cabrera Pintado, Rosa María; Cáceres Patricio, Esmeralda Flor; Cabezas Huayllas, Oscar Esmael; Rivas Pulache, Victorino; Chia Wong, Julio Alfonso; Arie, Tsutomu
Fusarium wilt (FW), or Panama disease, which is caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Focb), is one of the most destructive threats to banana/plantain (Musa spp.) pro duction worldwide. Especially the pandemic of Focb race TR4, which can cause FW on the FW-resistant cultivar ‘Cavendish’, is damag ing banana plantations in Asia, India, Australia, East Africa, and South America. In the Selva area of Peru, banana cultiva tion is an important part of farmers’ liveli hoods. A team of Japanese and Peruvian research institutes is currently working on a SATREPS project with the goal of not only preventing the introduction of Focb race TR4 into Peruvian organic banana production areas but also enabling the continuation of high quality banana production by preventing existing FW, thereby improving the liveli hoods of farmers in the region. To achieve this goal, "ve research activities are conducted in the jungle, Tingo María area: (1) establish ment of speci"c diagnosis technology for FW at the macro- to micro-level; (2) development of varieties that are resistant to FW using mutation induction; (3) establishment of a pathogen-free seedling production and supply system; (4) analysis of the microbial #ora of disease-suppressing soil; and (5) establish ment of low-environmental-impact FW con trol technology, such as biological pesticides and plant activators