Examinando por Materia "Inoculation"

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Bacillus subtilis and Rhizophagus intraradices improve vegetative growth, yield, and fruit quality of Fragaria × ananassa var. San Andreas
(MDPI, 2024-09-02) Huasasquiche Sarmiento, Lucero; Alejandro, Leonela; Ccori, Thania; Cántaro Segura, Héctor; Samaniego Vivanco, Tomás Daniel; Quispe Matos, Kenyi Rolando; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi
Strawberry cultivation requires strategies that maintain or improve its yield within a scheme in which reducing fertilizers and other chemical products can make its consumption safer and more environmentally friendly. This study aims to evaluate the effect of Bacillus subtilis and Rhizophagus intraradices on strawberry growth, yield, and fruit quality. B. subtilis and R. intraradices were inoculated and co-inoculated under three fertilization levels of 225-100-250, 112-50-125, and 0-0-0 kg・ha−1 of N, P2O5 and K2O. Vegetative growth was evaluated in plant height (cm), leaf area (cm2), aerial fresh weight (g), aerial dry weight (g), and plant coverage (%) variables. Fruit quality parameters such as total acidity (g・100 mL−1), soluble solids (Brix◦), and firmness (kg) were also determined, as well as the number of fruits per m2 and yield (t・ha−1). The results showed that the pre-treatment of root immersion in a nutrient solution with B. subtilis and the fractionation of 6 L B. subtilis inoculation per plant at a concentration of 107 CFU・mL−1, in combination with 225-100-250 kg・ha−1 of N, P2O5, and K2O, achieved the highest accumulation of dry matter (12.9 +- 1.9 g・plant−1), the highest number of fruits (28.2 +- 4.5 fruits・m−2), and the highest yield (7.2 +- 1.4 t・ha−1). In addition, this treatment increased the soluble sugar content by 34.78% and fruit firmness by 26.54% compared to the control without inoculation. This study highlights the synergistic effect of mineral nutrition and microbial inoculation with B. subtilis in increasing strawberry yield and fruit quality.
Evaluation of cocoa (Theobroma cacao) clones at the artificial inoculation of Moniliophthora roreri in Tingo María, Perú
(The American Phytopathological Society, 2022-03-25) Paredes Espinosa, Richard; Rios, R. A.; Egoávil, G.; Chia Wong, J. A.
The objective of the study was to evaluate the reaction of Theobroma cacao clones to the artificial inoculation of Moniliophthora roreri, at the Tulumayo Experimental Station, Tingo María. Eleven “S” clonal hybrids and 3 “C” farmer collection clones were studied. Conidia of M. roreri were inoculated into 65-day-old fruits, protected for 48 h in a humid chamber. Incidence, external severity (SE) according to fruit damage in degrees were evaluated weekly, 0: healthy fruit, 1: hydrosis, 2: swelling, 3: necrosis, 4: mycelium that covers ¼ part of the stain and 5: mycelium that covers more than ¼ part of the stain, and internal severity (SI): percentage of necrotic grain in each fruit, the clones being compared by ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α = 0.05). The results show a high incidence in all the clones, with values of 91.67 to 100%. Clone S-19 showed the lowest SE, which was 2.64, while clones S-01, S-08, S-09, S-11, S-13, S-15, S-22; S-24, S-26, S-28, C-02, C-03, and C-29 reported values between 3.64 and 5. The SI, fluctuated from 4.18 to 5 in all the clones evaluated. It is concluded that the clones are classified as susceptible to M. roreri, however, despite the fact that clone S-19 succumbed to the disease, it was able to delay the disease and the production of spores, an important character in the field that allows increasing the interval of fruit removal and fungicide applications, reducing production costs, negative environmental effects and improving work efficiency.
Inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense as a strategy to reduce nitrogen fertilization in cultivating purple maize (Zea mays l.) in the Inter-andean valleys of Peru
(MDPI, 2024-10-21) Condori Ataupillco, Tatiana; Alarcón Romani, Susan; Huasasquiche Sarmiento, Lucero; García Blásquez, Cayo; Padilla Castro, César; Velásquez Mantari, José; Solórzano Acosta, Richard
Purple maize has gained global significance due to its numerous nutraceutical benefits. However, sustaining its production typically requires high doses of nitrogen fertilizers, which, when applied in excess, can contaminate vital resources such as soil and water. Inoculation with nitrogenfixing microorganisms, such as those from the Azospirillum genus, has emerged as an alternative to partially or fully replace nitrogen fertilizers. This study aimed to evaluate the inoculation effect with A. brasilense and varying nitrogen fertilization levels on the yield and quality of purple maize. The experiment was carried out using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with a 2 × 5 factorial arrangement and five replications. Treatments comprised two inoculation levels (control without inoculation and inoculation with A. brasilense) under five nitrogen doses (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 kg・ha−1, applied as urea). Inoculation with A. brasilense resulted in a 10.5% increase in plant height, a 16.7% increase in root length, a 21.3% increase in aboveground fresh biomass, a 30.1% increase in root fresh biomass, and a 27.7% increase in leaf nitrogen concentration compared to the no inoculated control. Regarding yield, the inoculated plants surpassed the control in both purple maize yield (kg・ha−1) and cob weight by 21.8% and 11.6%, respectively. Across all fertilization levels and parameters assessed, the inoculated treatments outperformed the control. Furthermore, for parameters, namely plant height, leaf nitrogen content, and cob dimensions (length, diameter, and weight), the A. brasilense inoculation treatment with 90 kg N・ha−1 was statistically equivalent or superior to the non-inoculated control with 120 kg N・ha−1. These results indicate that inoculation with A. brasilense positively impacted purple maize at all nitrogen levels tested and improved nitrogen use efficiency, enabling a reduction of 30 kg N・ha-1 without compromising performance in key parameters.
Interaction between Trichoderma sp., Pseudomonas putida, and two organic amendments on the yield and quality of strawberries (Fragaria x annanasa cv. San Andreas) in the Huaral region, Peru
(MDPI, 2024-07-22) Huasasquiche, Lucero; Ccori, Thania; Alejandro, Leonela; Cántaro Segura, Héctor; Samaniego, Tomás; Solórzano, Richard
Strawberry cultivation holds significant economic and social promise within Peruvian fruit production. However, conventional management practices have led to the excessive use of agrochemicals in this crop. This study proposes an organic approach to strawberry production, integrating less environmentally harmful technologies. The aim was to assess microbial inoculation by using Trichoderma sp. and Pseudomonas putida and the application of organic amendments on strawberry seedlings of the commercial cultivar “San Andreas”. A field experiment was established with evaluations in the vegetative and productive stages. Results indicate that the co-inoculation of Trichoderma sp. and Pseudomonas putida increased leaf area by 7%, and enhanced the aerial part’s fresh and dry biomass by 13% and 28%, respectively, compared to treatment without microbial inoculation. Concurrently, compost application increased the leaf number and aerial dry biomass by 22% and 19% at the end of the vegetative stage, respectively, compared to treatment without organic amendment. In addition, it reduced the days for flowering, maintaining the fruit’s physicochemical attributes. Regarding yield, the amendments application significantly enhanced fruit weight per plant by 40%, especially when applied together with Trichoderma sp., and co-inoculation increased the number of fruits per meter square by 22%. These findings highlight the potential of technologies such as microbial inoculation and organic amendments to enhance strawberry yields and to gradually reduce the use of synthetic fertilizers.
Massive production of Hemileia vastatrix uredospores for infection of Coffea arabica seedlings
(Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, 2023-07-10) Hernández Amasifuen, Angel David; Rivadeneyra Chisquipama, Lenin; Padilla Dominguez, Amner; Paredes Espinosa, Richard; Guerrero Abad, Juan Carlos; Torres Flores, Elías; Peláez Rivera, Jorge Luis; Carvajal Vallejos, Fernando Marcelo; Gutiérrez Reynoso, Dina Lida; Corazon Guivin, Mike Anderson
Coffee leaf rust (Hemileia vastatrix) is the most important disease in coffee crops around the world. Currently, there is limited knowledge about mass production methodologies and ex-situ infection of H. vastatrix that lead to the development of different health characterization studies of Coffea or disease phenotyping. In this context, the aim of this research was to develop a simple protocol for the mass production of coffee rust uredospores under controlled conditions and to determine their infection in coffee seedlings. Uredospores of H. vastatrix were collected from infected plants in the “Chontal” coffee-growing area in San Martín, Peru. The viability of uredospore germination was evaluated, and a uredospores suspension (2 x 105 uredospores/mL) was prepared to inoculate coffee seedlings. Incidence and sporulation rates were evaluated after 43 days of inoculation. During the multiplication process of H. vastatrix uredospores, using controlled conditions (23±1 °C, ≈ 80% relative humidity and photoperiod of 16 hours of light) under an innovative system, the first symptoms of chlorosis were observed on coffee leaves 20 days after inoculation. Our findings show a 100% incidence of inoculated coffee plants with an average of 54 mg of H. vastatrix uredospores per plant and a 1.38 x 10-1 mg/cm2 sporulation rate. Finally, here we report a protocol that allows mass multiplication of H. vastatrix uredospores under controlled conditions, that would be useful in any time for coffee leaf rust bioassays.
Rizobacterias promotoras de crecimiento de plantas con capacidad para mejorar la productividad en papa
(Asociación Latinoamericana de la Papa, 2016-06-02) Arcos Pineda, Jesus Heraclides; Zúñiga Dávila, Doris Elizabeth
La agricultura moderna industrial de alta producción es una de las principales actividades antrópicas de la emisión de gases de efecto invernadero, particularmente el uso excesivo de agroquímicos (fertilizantes y pesticidas sintéticos); esta alta demanda de agroquímicos puede aliviarse con el uso biológico y genético de especies nativas de plantas y microorganismos. En esta investigación, se evaluaron ocho cepas de Rizobacterias Promotoras del Crecimiento de Plantas (PGPR) nativas por su capacidad para mejorar la productividad de la papa y/o en el control de fitopatógenos, en condiciones de campo de la zona altiplánica de Puno, ubicada a 3820 msnm. Resultados mostraron que la altura de plantas y los rendimientos totales de tubérculos en peso y número, en las parcelas inoculadas con las PGPR fueron significativamente superiores en comparación al control no inoculado; en promedio, el rendimiento de la variedad Ccompis incrementó en 125,79% comparado con el control no inoculado, y el número total de tubérculos se incrementó a 141,41% por encima del control no inoculado. Las mejores cepas de rizobacterias en que mejoran la productividad de papa fueron: Bac17M8 y Act16M2, con rendimientos superiores en 145,69% y 140,87%, respectivamente, en comparación al control no inoculado. Las parcelas inoculadas con PGPR presentaron menor porcentaje de tubérculos infectados con Rhizoctonia solani y Spongospora subterránea comparado con los tubérculos cosechados de la parcela control no inoculada.