Examinando por Materia "FORESTAL"

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Low seed viability and germination in Polylepis flavipila hinder forest restoration: The role of seed mass and maternal effects
(Elsevier B.V., 2024-12-05) Huayta-Hinojosa, L. David; Quispe-Melgar, Harold Rusbelth; Lagones Poma, Katherine Lucero; Llacua-Tineo, Yashira Stefani; Ames-Martínez, Fressia Nathalie; Renison, Daniel
Seed physiological quality is usually determined by the interaction between genetics and the mother tree’s environment, as well as by intrinsic characteristics, such as seed mass. In the Andean highlands, massive sapling production for forest restoration projects is constrained by seed availability and quality. There, species of the genus Polylepis dominate the remnant forests. The associations of seed viability with seed mass and maternal effects were evaluated in P. flavipila, a threatened tree species endemic to the Peruvian Andes. The characteristics and environments of 18 mother trees from two sites were measured, and seed quality was assessed in three tests. Seed mass was 3.49 ± 1.76 mg (range: 0.5–16 mg) and showed the greatest variability within mother trees, followed by variability among trees and among sites. Viability rates, standard germination and greenhouse germination (2.06 ± 1.35 %, 0.59 ± 0.89 % and 0.64 ± 1.11 %; respectively) were low at both sites. These results were attributed to the presence of seeds with non-viable or absent embryos. Seed viability increased with seed mass and mother tree height, and was positively associated with number of seedlings (r = 0.56). The deficient seed viability and germination found in P. flavipila are the lowest reported for the genus. The low seed physiological quality detected is a risk factor that exacerbates the species’ degree of threat, posing a challenge for sapling production. The reported associations of P. flavipila seed viability with seed mass and maternal char acteristics and environment may guide the selection of better seed quality and serve as a basis for future studies on the challenges and limitations of the reproductive biology of this species
MultiProduct Optimization of Cedrelinga cateniformis (Ducke) Ducke in Different Plantation Systems in the Peruvian Amazon
(MDPI, 2025-01-16) Baselly Villanueva, Juan Rodrigo; Fernández Sandoval, Andrés; Salazar Hinostroza, Evelin Judith; Cárdenas-Rengifo, Gloria Patricia; Puerta, Ronald; Chuquizuta Trigoso, Tony Steven; Rufasto Peralta, Yennifer Lisbeth; Vallejos Torres, Geomar; Goycochea Casas, Gianmarco; Araújo Junior, Carlos Alberto; Quiñónez Barraza, Gerónimo; Álvarez Álvarez, Pedro; Garcia Leite, Helio
This study addressed multi-product optimization in Cedrelinga cateniformis plantations in the Peruvian Amazon, aiming to maximize volumetric yields of logs and sawn lumber. Data from seven plantations of different ages and types, established on degraded land, were analyzed by using ten stem profile models to predict taper and optimize wood use. In addition, the structure of each plantation was evaluated using diameter distributions and height–diameter ratios; log and sawn timber production was optimized using SigmaE 2.0 software. The Garay model proved most effective, providing high predictive accuracy (adjusted R2 values up to 0.963) and biological realism. Marked differences in volumetric yield were observed between plantations: older and more widely spaced plantations produced higher timber volumes. Logs of optimal length (1.83–3.05 m) and larger dimension wood (e.g., 25.40 × 5.08 cm) were identified as key contributors to maximizing volumetric yields. The highest yields were observed in mature plantations, in which the total log volume reached 508.1 m3ha−1 and the sawn lumber volume 333.6 m3ha−1 . The findings demonstrate the power of data-driven decision-making in the timber industry. By combining precise modeling and optimization techniques, we developed a framework that enables sawmill operators to maximize log and lumber yields. The insights gained from this research can be used to improve operational efficiency and reduce waste, ultimately leading to increased profitability. These practices promote support for smallholders and the forestry industry while contributing to the long-term development of the Peruvian Amazon.