Examinando por Materia "Breeding"

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Phenotypic characterization of wild Myrciaria dubia (Kunth) McVaugh ex situ germplasm bank for breeding, conservation, and sustainable development in the Peruvian Amazon
(Frontiers Media SA, 2025-08-07) Imán Correa, Sixto Alfredo; Samanamud Curto, Angelo Francisco; Ramírez, Juan F.; Cobos, Marianela; Castro, Juan C.
Introduction: Myrciaria dubia “camu-camu” is an economically important Amazonian fruit shrub known for its exceptionally high vitamin C content. Despite its commercial value, comprehensive phenotypic characterization of available genetic resources remains limited, hindering breeding programs and conservation strategies. This study aimed to characterize the phenotypic diversity of wild accessions maintained in a 36-year-old ex situ germplasm bank, one of the most comprehensive M. dubia collections globally, to provide baseline data for genetic improvement and conservation. Methods: We evaluated 43 wild accessions systematically collected from eight major hydrographic basins in the Loreto region using a stratified sampling approach to capture maximum ecological diversity and maintained in an ex situ germplasm bank established in 1988 at the National Institute of Agrarian Innovation in Loreto, Peru. Twenty-three quantitative and six qualitative morphological descriptors were assessed using standardized protocols specifically developed for M. dubia, emphasizing commercially important descriptors including fruit weight, pulp content, and seed characteristics. Statistical analyses encompassed univariate variability assessment, bivariate correlations, and multivariate classification through hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis. Results: Phenotypic characterization revealed moderate overall variability with coefficient of variation averaging 17.4%, with reproductive descriptors showing greater variation than vegetative traits. Fruit and seed descriptors exhibited the highest variability exceeding 20%, while qualitative descriptors showed limited diversity with Shannon Index of 0.823. Multivariate analysis identified four distinct phenetic groups with no significant correlation to geographic origin (Mantel test, p=0.4034). Principal component analysis revealed fruit-related descriptors as primary drivers of phenotypic differentiation, explaining 57.1% of observed variability. Three accessions from phenetic group 3 (PER1000416, PER1000423, and PER1000411) demonstrated superior trait combinations: fruit weight exceeding 13 g, pulp content above 75%, and reduced seed count below 2.5 seeds per fruit. Conclusion: The moderate phenotypic variability observed reflects the natural distribution patterns and limited domestication history of the species. This comprehensive characterization provides essential baseline data and a foundation for targeted breeding programs, conservation strategies, and sustainable production systems supporting development while preserving the genetic diversity in the Peruvian Amazon
The roles of breeding and husbandry for improving cavy production in Peru
(Biosciences eastern and central Africa-International Livestock Research Institute (BecA-ILRI) Hub, 2017-08-10) Chauca Francia, Lilia Janine
Animal production is supported by four pillars: genetics, nutrition, livestock management and health. In Peru, the cavy program started making changes by handling the reproduction system. The population was organized for mating in groups with 1 male and 7 females; the feed was only forage, supplemented by a ration adding necessary nutrients. Cavies were selected for production characteristics that allowed the formation of breeds (‘razas’). Biosafety management programs were applied to prevent animals from getting sick. The genetic improvement program began with selecting two essential characteristics, resulting in economic benefits to the producer. Precocity permits cavies to come to market in less time (56 days old – breed ‘Peru’), with an efficient feed conversion ratio (2.68 : 1) and a carcass yield of 72%. Its relationship muscle : bone in the hind limb (hip, thigh and leg) is 5.6 : 1; and better muscle structure was determined by histological cuts. Prolificacy (breed ‘Andina’) determines a litter size of 3.9 offspring/delivery and the ability that 78% of the breeding present post-partum oestrus. Interracial crossbreeding allows a hybrid that improves productivity on farms by forming non-inbred populations. The optimum first breeding age was determined for females at 8 or 9 weeks and for males at 12 weeks. Oestrus synchronization allowed better management of nursing, with better environment and feed management. The mortality rate decreased achieving survival of larger litter size. In the highlands, improved productivity was attained by crossing improved cavies with the original native cavies, while preserving genetic diversity of the native animals. After years of research, producing cavies went from being just a domestic self-sustaining activity to a productive and large-scale activity that has generated jobs for rural women. Cavy meat consumption of children and pregnant women has helped to reduce malnutrition in Peru.
The Prickle Effect Comes From Fabrics Made of South American Camelid (Alpaca and Lama) Fibers. Mechanical and/or Genetic Solutions
(Society for Science and Education, 2021-06-25) Prieto, Alejandro; Castillo, Maria Flavia; Seghetti Frondizi, Diego G.; Mamani Cato, Rubén Herberht; Hick, Michel Victor Hubert; Frank, Eduardo
In this paper we intends to analyze the physical attributes that determine the comfort of fabrics made of South American Camelid fibers (Lama and Alpaca), the effect on their value and their possible mechanical and/or genetic solutions. While emphasis has always been on mean fiber diameter, the fiber frequency exceeding 30 microns has a key role in quality. This is essential for light fabrics, where the effect of prickle plays a critical part in consumer´s choice. Yet the genetic solution of the problem lies in the slow selection response. Dehairing provides an immediate solution, though excessive fiber breakage should be addressed. It is concluded that the textile fiber quality of South American Camelids is promissory if the presence of objectionable fibers is solved, resulting in a tolerable frequency for consumers (<3%). This process could be explored via genetic selection or applying dehairing technology. This implies a true paradigm shift with regard to the classic textile processing of Alpaca and Lama fibers. This would enhance the fiber softness to touch, together with other important features that would render the fiber price more competitive.