Examinando por Materia "Agrobiodiversity"

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Catálogo de yacón del Banco de Germoplasma del INIA
(Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, 2023-07) Santa Cruz Padilla, Angel Esteban; Vásquez Orrillo, Jorge Luis
El presente documento tiene como finalidad mostrar y valorar la diversidad biológica del yacón; dirigido a productores, técnicos e investigadores; donde se muestra de manera ilustrada y sencilla las diferentes accesiones con registros en su caracterización morfoagronómica, a fin de promover la conservación, investigación, mejoramiento genético y valoración de este recurso fitogenético.
Conservation and Use of Latin American Maize Diversity: Pillar of Nutrition Security and Cultural Heritage of Humanity
(MDPI, 2021-01-15) Guzzon, Filippo; Arandia Rios, Luis Walquer; Caviedes Cepeda, Galo Mario; Céspedes Polo, Marcia; Chávez Cabrera, Alexander; Muriel Figueroa, Jesús; Medina Hoyos, Alicia Elizabeth; Jara Calvo, Teófilo Wladimir; Molnar, Terence L.; Narro León, Luis Alberto; Narro León, Teodoro Patricio; Mejía Kerguelén, Sergio Luis; Ospina Rojas, José Gabriel; Vásquez, Gricelda; Preciado Ortiz, Ricardo Ernesto; Zambrano, José Luis; Palacios Rojas, Natalia; Pixley, Kevin
Latin America is the center of domestication and diversity of maize, the second most cultivated crop worldwide. In this region, maize landraces are fundamental for food security, livelihoods, and culture. Nevertheless, genetic erosion (i.e., the loss of genetic diversity and variation in a crop) threatens the continued cultivation and in situ conservation of landrace diversity that is crucial to climate change adaptation and diverse uses of maize. We provide an overview of maize diversity in Latin America before discussing factors associated with persistence of large in situ maize diversity, causes for maize landrace abandonment by farmers, and strategies to enhance the cultivation of landraces. Among other factors, maize diversity is linked with: (1) small-holder farming, (2) the production of traditional food products, (3) traditional cropping systems, (4) cultivation in marginal areas, and (5) retention of control over the production system by the farmers. On the other hand, genetic erosion is associated with substitution of landraces with hybrid varieties or cash crops, and partial (off-farm labor) or complete migration to urban areas. Continued cultivation, and therefore on-farm conservation of genetic diversity held in maize landraces, can be encouraged by creating or strengthening market opportunities that make the cultivation of landraces and open pollinated varieties (OPVs) more profitable for farmers, supporting breeding programs that prioritize improvement of landraces and their special traits, and increasing the access to quality germplasm of landraces and landrace-derived OPVs.
Ex situ conservation priorities for the peruvian wild tomato species (Solanum L. Sect. Lycopersicum (Mill.) Wettst)
(Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, 2019-10-23) Vilchez Palomino, Dioliza; Sotomayor Melo, Diego Alejandro; Zorrilla Cisneros, Cinthya
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a crop of global importance that has center of origin in Peru, with 11 species of wild relatives (CWR) occurring in the country. These CWR contain genetic material that could be used to improve currently cultivated species, and that is usually stored ex situ in germplasm banks. Hence, assessing the representativeness of germplasm banks is important to strengthen genetic improvement of tomatoes as well as their resilience to globally changing conditions. Here, we used gap analysis methodology on the 11 species of tomato CWR occurring in Peru. This methodology consists in seven steps that consider representativeness in terms of herbaria/germplasm banks, geography and environments within the country, in order to establish conservation priorities. We also assessed conservation priorities for the Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), which is the main ex situ conservation Institution in Peru. Nationally, we found one species with high priority for conservation: Solanum huaylasense, and for INIA we found six species with high conservation priority: S. huaylasense, S. neorickii, S. chmielewskii, S. corneliomulleri, S. arcanum and S. chilense. We also found that the gap analysis methodology allowed for a proper prioritization of species and be readily applied to other species. We conclude by recommending strategies to improve the genetic coverage of the tomato germplasm held at INIA, as well as by discussing priorities for in situ conservation of tomato CWRs.
Morphological variability of 65 amaranth accessions from the Cajamarca Region, Peru
(Research Square, 2023-10-11) Escalante Ortiz, Lucia Emperatriz; Santa Cruz Padilla, Angel Esteban; Eugenio Leiva, Araceli; Vasquez Orrillo, Jorge Luis; Rodriguez Lopez, Silvia Yanina; Soriano Morales, Susan Haydee; Seminario Cunya, Juan Fransisco
Amaranth is a promising crop for the Cajamarca region and Peru. The National Institute of Agrarian Innovation (INIA) from Peru preserves a national collection of 552 amaranth accessions; however, there needs to be a detailed study of the morphology of these materials. In this research, 65 accessions were morphologically characterized based on their place of origin, using 21 descriptors standardized by INIA-Peru. The clustering of accessions and principal component analysis showed the presence of 38 groups and a duplication rate of 41.5% of accessions at a taxonomic distance of 0.62. In addition, 18 morphological characters that significantly contributed to morphological variability were identified and explained by the first six principal components. Due to the scarcity of studies on amaranth, it is recommended to conduct more characterization and molecular studies to obtain better approximations of the genetic diversity of the amaranth germplasm to be used on amaranth plant breeding programs.
The nutritional contribution of potato varietal diversity in andean food systems: a case study
(Springer Nature, 2019-04-15) De Haan, Stef; Burgos, Gabriela; Liria, Reyna; Rodríguez, Flor; Creed Kanashiro, Hilary M.; Bonierbale, Merideth
Potato is the backbone of agriculture and diets in high-altitude food systems of Peru, where farmers grow diverse varietal portfolios. Here we report on the role of diverse landraces and modern potato varieties in the Andean diet. The dry matter, energy, protein, iron and zinc content of 12 floury and 9 bitter landraces was determined. The contribution of varietal diversity to the dietary intake of energy, protein, iron and zinc was established during two contrasting periods of overall food availability. Results show that the potato and intraspecific diversity make an important contribution to nutrition. Most floury landraces contain higher concentrations of protein and iron compared to the reference value reported in the 2009 Peruvian food composition table for a boiled and peeled floury landrace. Traditional freeze-drying of bitter landraces doesn’t affect energy or iron concentrations, but reduces protein and zinc content considerably. Protein and iron contents in boiled chuño derived from the bitter landraces are lower compared to the mean value reported in the food composition table. The contribution of varietal diversity ideally needs to be taken into account when conducting nutrition studies in diversity hotspots like the Andes where potato is a main staple. The potato adds positively to the nutritional balance and the recommended requirements for energy, protein, iron and zinc of women and children. Floury landraces and modern varieties complement each other in light of seasonality, providing valuable nutrients during contrasting periods of the year. The potato thus contributes positively to food security. However, the overall diversity of the diet was found to be poor, resulting in micronutrient deficiencies. Options to strengthen food based approaches to attend undernutrition are discussed.
Zona de Agrobiodiversidad del Perú: Andahuaylas, Apurimac
(Ministerio de Desarrollo Agrario y Riego - MIDAGRI, 2023-12-29) Ministerio de Desarrollo Agrario y Riego, MIDAGRI
Reconocer la Zona de Agrobiodiversidad denominada “Andahuaylas”, ubicada en los distritos de Chiara y San Miguel de Chaccrampa, provincia de Andahuaylas, departamento de Apurímac, con una extensión de 20, 293.0042 has. Zona con alta diversidad de raíces y tuberosas andinas, cereales, leguminosas, granos andinos y plantas medicinales.
Zona de Agrobiodiversidad del Perú: Circa, Apurímac
(Ministerio de Desarrollo Agrario y Riego - MIDAGRI, 2024-07-16) Ministerio de Desarrollo Agrario y Riego, MIDAGRI
Reconocer la Zona de Agrobiodiversidad denominada “Circa”, ubicada en el distrito de Circa, provincia de Abancay, departamento de Apurímac, con una extensión de 53,454.4540 has. Zona con alta diversidad de raíces y tuberosas andinas, maíz cereales, leguminosas, granos andinos y plantas medicinales.