Examinando por Autor "Vigo Mestanza, Carmen Natividad"

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Agromorphological characterization of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) accessions from the germplasm bank of the National Institute of Agrarian Innovation, Peru
(Elsevier, 2022-10-04) Vásquez García, Jheiner; Santos Peláez, Julio César; Malqui Ramos, Roiber; Vigo Mestanza, Carmen Natividad; Alvarado Chuqui, Wigoberto; Bobadilla Rivera, Leidy Gheraldine
Agromorphological characterization of cacao accessions in Peru is currently an important tool in the conservation and genetic improvement of cacao germplasm. The objective of this study was to carry out the morphological and agronomic characterization of 113 cacao accessions from the Huarangopampa germplasm bank. Tree, leaf, flower, fruit and seed descriptors were used. The data collected were processed by descriptive statistics using multivariate techniques. Five groups were formed according to similar characteristics. The accessions of group 1 are vigorous trees with an pod index of 19.27 pods/kg of seeds; the groups that presented better differential characteristics were group 2 with erect tree architecture, intermediate vigorousness, purple seed color and pod index of 20.07 pods/kg of seeds and group 3, which had the highest number of accessions with the lowest pod index of 18.77 pods/kg of seeds, besides being vigorous trees and having purple seeds. On the other hand, group 4 presented a particular characteristic of white seed color and high pod indexes with 22.11 pods/kg of seeds. Finally, group 5 accessions were characterized by intermediate tree architecture and vigor with an pod index of 21.3 pods/kg of seeds. The morphoagronomic characterization constitutes a first advance in the identification of cacaos with potential for genetic improvement and advances in the Peruvian chocolate industry.
Characterization of Coffea arabica L. parent plants and physicochemical properties of associated soils, Peru
(Cell Press, 2022-10-03) Alvarado Chuqui, Wigoberto; Bobadilla Rivera, Leidy Gheraldine; Valqui Valqui, Leandro; Silva Valqui, Gelver; Valqui Valqui, Lamberto; Vigo Mestanza, Carmen Natividad; Vásquez Pérez, Héctor Vladimir
It is important to carry out the morphological characterization of coffee parent plants and the physicochemical properties of the associated soils in the Amazon region, Peru, in order to achieve germplasm conservation. One hundred coffee mother plants were identified and located in five provinces of the region and evaluated according to morphological descriptors such as stipula shape, young leaf color, leaf shape, leaf apex shape, young shoot color, leaf color, fruit color, fruit shape, mature leaf color, and rust incidence percentage. In the plots where the parent plants were located, soil sampling was carried out to determine the physical and chemical properties. The varieties with the greatest presence in the five provinces were Típica and caturra roja, with the greatest number of specimens reported for the province of Bagua. The predominant stipule shape was triangular (91%), lanceolate leaf shape (60%) and red fruit color (90%). Bongará reported the lowest incidence of yellow rust, as well as the Mundo Novo Rojo variety. Soil pH ranged from acidic to neutral values, low electrical conductivity, high organic matter content, low phosphorus content, high potassium levels and medium cation exchange capacity. The predominant textural class was sandy loam. The physical and chemical characterization of the soils under study show favorable ranges to encourage the best development of coffee cultivation.
Clonal Propagation of Coffea arabica with Indole Butyric Acid and Acclimatization Conditions in Amazonas, Peru
(Hindawi, 2021-10-06) Chichipe Oyarce, Jardy; Camacho Villalobos, Alina Alexandra; Bobadilla Rivera, Leidy; Vigo Mestanza, Carmen Natividad; Vásquez Pérez, Héctor Vladimir; Silva Valqui, Gelver
The use of hormones is important in improving the propagation process. The objective of the experiment was to identify the best dose of indole butyric acid (IBA) hormone for the rooting of coffee cuttings of the typical variety through clonal propagation in the Amazon region. The experiment was carried out in two stages. Both stages were carried out under a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The percentage of rooting of cuttings and the number of roots were evaluated. The coffee tree clones were collected from rust tolerant elite plants. In the laboratory, the cuttings were immersed for 10 minutes in fungicide and then in five doses of IBA hormone (1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, and 3000 mg L−1) of IBA. They were then placed in a microtunnel. With the best dose obtained in stage 1 of IBA (T4: 2000 mg L−1), which achieved a rooting percentage of 52.50% and 5.8 roots on average, stage 2 was installed for the evaluation of acclimatization conditions (greenhouse and nursery). Thirty plants of the Típica variety were evaluated per treatment. Regarding the results after 90 days, the greenhouse obtained the highest values with 72.22% survival, a plant height of 9.48 cm, 4.32 mm stem diameter, 6.53 leaves per plant, 9.65 cm leaf length, and 3.83 cm leaf width. The IBA hormone in a controlled environment such as the greenhouse achieves good vegetative propagation for the Típica variety.
Effect of Endophytic Trichoderma sp. Strains on the Agronomic Characteristics of Ecotypes of Theobroma cacao L. under Nursery Conditions in Peru
(Hindawi, 2022-05-24) Chavez Jalk, Antony; Leiva, Santos; Bobadilla Rivera, Leidy Gheraldine; Vigo Mestanza, Carmen Natividad; Arce, Marielita; Oliva Cruz, Manuel
Peru is one of the main producers of fine aroma native cacao, expanding its areas considerably in recent years, which makes it necessary to seek adequate management alternatives to obtain advantageous yields. The present work had the objective of testing the influence of Trichoderma sp. endophytic strains on the agronomic characteristics of ecotypes of Theobroma cacao L. under nursery conditions, Cajaruro district, Utcubamba, Amazonas, Peru. The Trichoderma strains evaluated were Trichoderma breve; T. harzianum; T. longibrachatum; T. afrojarzianum, and Trichoderma sp. which were inoculated on cocoa seedlings of ecotypes CCN51; TCHS565; and nativo fino de aroma. The variables evaluated were chlorophyll indices (at 30, 45, 60, and 70 days after planting), percentage of endophyte colonization, root hair development, trichomes on stems, and agronomic characteristics (plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, root dry and fresh weight, root size, etc.). The results showed that the application of Trichoderma breve in the fine aroma native cocoa ecotype (T12) presented the highest chlorophyll index at 75 days after planting (DAP) with 43.53 +- 1.59 and 49.77 +- 2.42 for the apex and leaf base, respectively, with a percentage of colonization in the root hairs of 66.67%, and with better characteristics for the number of leaves with 12.00 +- 3.46. T12 showed positive influences for plant height, leaf number, and chlorophyll index. Treatments based on T. harzianum + CCN51 (T5) and T. afroharzianum + TSHS565 (T6) showed 100% colonization of the root hairs and trichomes on stems. Endophytic Trichoderma fungi are an alternative for organic production of fine aroma cocoa in Peru, improving the agronomic characteristics of the crop.
Factores socioeconómicos que influyen en la adopción de tecnologías para mejoramiento genético de ganado vacuno en Perú
(Colegio de Posgraduados, 2022-12-07) Vásquez Pérez, Héctor Vladimir; Barrantes-Bravo, Christian Alfredo; Vigo Mestanza, Carmen Natividad; Maicelo Quintana, Jorge Luis
En el distrito de Florida (Perú), el proceso de adopción de tecnologías para el mejoramiento genético de ganado vacuno ha sido lento y se desconocen los factores socioeconómicos que influyen sobre este proceso. El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar los factores socioeconómicos que han influido en la adopción de tecnologías para el mejoramiento genético de ganado vacuno. Se utilizó un modelo metodológico que integra el enfoque cuantitativo y cualitativo como herramienta para la obtención de información mediante encuestas semiestructuradas, a una muestra de 144 productores del distrito de Florida. Se realizó un análisis estadístico descriptivo, correlación de variables y uso del modelo logit. Dentro de los factores sociales que influyeron en la adopción de tecnologías para el mejoramiento genético fueron: nivel educativo, organización, asistencia técnica, tenencia de tierras, y conocimiento en mejoramiento genético. Los factores económicos que influyeron fueron: el crédito agropecuario, actividad económica principal y producción de leche. En conclusión, los factores socioeconómicos influyen en la adopción de tecnologías de mejoramiento genético para ganado vacuno, e incrementan el porcentaje de éxito en su implementación.
Huella hídrica de la producción lechera en la cuenca ganadera Pomacochas, Perú
(Centro para la Investigación en Sistemas Sostenibles de Producción Agropecuaria, 2021-10-01) Yalta, Juan; Ríos, Ney; Valqui Valqui, Leandro; Bobadilla Rivera, Leidy; Vigo Mestanza, Carmen Natividad; Vásquez Pérez, Héctor Vladimir
La producción de leche exige grandes cantidades de agua y tierra, la creciente escasez de agua amenaza la sostenibilidad de la producción ganadera. El objetivo del estudio fue calcular la huella hídrica para la producción de un litro de leche en sistemas de producción ganadera ubicados en el distrito de Florida, Amazonas. Para ello, se seleccionaron 30 fincas lecheras con base en el área de finca, sistema de pastoreo, número de vacas en producción y producción de leche, obteniendo tres estratos de 10 fincas cada uno. En cada estrato se determinó el consumo directo de agua como huella hídrica de bebida, el consumo indirecto de agua como huella hídrica de alimentación, el uso de agua expresado como huella hídrica de servicios a partir de la descripción y cuantificación de las diferentes actividades que utilizan agua en la fase de producción de leche y la huella hídrica para producir un litro de leche. Para el procesamiento de datos se utilizó el software R v. 4.0.4. Los resultados muestran que la huella hídrica para la producción de un litro de leche es de 1823,38 litros de agua en el estrato I (extensivo), 736,80 litros en el estrato II (estaca) y 937,61 litros en el estrato III (cerco eléctrico o controlado). El estudio contribuyó con la producción de datos que todavía son insuficientes acerca del uso y consumo del agua en el sistema de producción de la leche, además pone de manifiesto la necesidad de instaurar alternativas para el aprovechamiento y reutilización del recurso hídrico.
Influence of the arboreal component in the productive and nutritional parameters of Brachiaria mutica grass in northeastern Peru
(MDPI, 2022-10-15) Valqui Valqui, Leandro; Lopez, Edvin L.; Lopez, Cesar A.; Valqui Valqui, Lamberto; Bobadilla Rivera, Leidy Gheraldine; Vigo Mestanza, Carmen Natividad; Vásquez Pérez, Héctor Vladimir
The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth (cm), yield (kg/m2), crude protein (CP %), crude fiber (CF %), ether extract (EE %), NDF (%), ADF (%), gross energy (GE kcal/kg), ELN (%), Ash (%), and in vitro digestibility (IVD %) of Brachiaria mutica grass; under three silvopastoral systems, guava (Inga edulis), poplar (Populus alba), and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus labill) and a treeless system (TS) in the northeast of peru. These were analyzed under a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments and four repetitions, and the results were analyzed by analysis of variance (α = 0.05%) and Tukey’s means test (p ≤ 0.05). The SPS of guava showed higher growth at 30 days (59.57 cm), and the there was no difference between systems at 45 (98.43–107.14 cm), 60 (138.86–146.57 cm), and 75 days (159.81–165.67 cm); the highest yield at 30 days was for SPS with guava (0.41 kg/m2), at 45 and 60 days there was no difference (1.01–1.15 and 1.57–1.76 kg/m2), and at 75 days the highest yield was from TS (2.88 kg/m2); the nutritional composition was evaluated in two cut-off frequencies (30 and 75 days); for 30 days, the SPS with guava had a higher value for CP (16.03%), IVD (68.13%), and GE (4502 kcal/kg); the SPS with eucalyptus had a higher percentage for CF (21.08), NDF (33.17), FDA (56.42), and ash (7.74); the highest EE content was in the SPS with poplar (2.46%) and the TS presented the highest percentage of ELN (50.88); for 75 days, the SPS with guava presented a higher value for CP (13.61%), FDA (36.78), and GE (4504.33 kcal/kg), the SPS with eucalyptus had a higher percentage for CF (23.51) and ash (6.42), and the the SPS with poplar had the highest percentage of EE (2.24), ELN (59.18) FDN (62.67), and IVD (56.59).
New wheat variety INIA 440 – K’ ANCHAREQ: Selection and agronomic and comercial characterization in Cusco, Peru
(Elsevier, 2022-12-30) Estrada Zúniga, Rigoberto; Vigo Mestanza, Carmen Natividad; Gonza Cusipuma, Victor Antonio; Manotupa Tupa, Michael Bryan; Carreño Fernández, Hans; Bobadilla Rivera, Leidy Gheraldinne
The objective of this study was to select and characterize agronomically the advanced bread wheat line H - 1246 which gave origin to the INIA wheat variety 440 - K’ANCHAREQ. The research included yield trials in farmers’ fields during 4 production seasons (2012–2016), adaptation and agronomic efficiency trials in two production seasons (2016–2018). In addition, the reaction to Yellow Rust and distinctness, uniformity and stability characteristics of the new wheat variety and commercial controls were evaluated. The plots for each of the trials were conducted under a Completely Randomized Block design with three replications. At the end of the trials, desirable characteristics in the baking industry such as hectoliter weight, protein, ash, gluten and flour moisture were evaluated. The results showed that the new INIA 440 - K’ANCHAREQ variety has ten clear differences in qualitative characteristics, which distinguish it from other varieties and remained constant during the trials. The yield trials between locations showed the adaptation of the INIA 440 - K’ANCHAREQ variety to the different locations due to its high yield and hectoliter weight values. At the locality level, Andenes obtained the highest values in most of the production seasons. Adaptation trials during the second season showed the superiority of the new INIA 440 - K’ANCHAREQ variety for variables such as yield, plant height, ear size and thousand grain weight. The new variety showed no signs of stripe rust during the trials. Industrial quality trials indicated that it has good characteristics for the baking industry