Examinando por Autor "Velarde Apaza, Leslie Diana"

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Efficacy of Biological and Chemical Control Agents Against the Potato Psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli Šulc) Under Field Conditions
(MDPI (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute), 2025-12-03) Cárdenass Huaman, Gabriela; Morocho Romero, Henry Hoseph; Casas Niño, Sebastian; Vilchez Navarro, Sandy Graciela; Velarde Apaza, Leslie Diana; Ramirez Rojas, Max; Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alejandro; Lozano Isla, Flavio; Morocho Romero, Henry
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the third most important food crop worldwide and a cornerstone of food security across the Andean region. However, its production is increasingly threatened by the potato psyllid Bactericera cockerelli (Šulc), the vector of Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum, the causal agent of the purple-top complex associated with zebra chip disease, which severely reduces both tuber yield and quality. This study was conducted from September 2024 to February 2025 in the province of Huancabamba, Peru, to evaluate the efficacy of biological and chemical control agents against B. cockerelli under field conditions. A randomized complete block design was implemented with five treatments and four replicates, totaling 20 experimental units, each consisting of 20 potato plants (S. tuberosum L.), of which 10 plants were evaluated. Treatments included an untreated control (T0), a chemical control (thiamethoxam + lambda-cyhalothrin, abamectin, and imidacloprid) (T1), and three biological control agents: Beauveria bassiana CCB LE-265 (>1.5 × 10¹⁰ conidia g⁻¹) (T2), Paecilomyces lilacinus strain 251 (1.0 × 10¹⁰ conidia g⁻¹) (T3), and Metarhizium anisopliae (1.0 × 10¹⁰ conidia g⁻¹) (T4). Foliar applications targeted eggs, nymphs, and adults of the psyllid. Results indicated that B. cockerelli mortality across developmental stages was lower under biological treatments compared with T1, which achieved the lowest probability of purple-top symptom expression (46%) and a zebra chip incidence of 60.60%. Among the biological agents, M. anisopliae (T4) reduced incidence to 56.60%, while P. lilacinus (T3) demonstrated consistent suppression of nymphal populations. In terms of yield, T1 achieved the highest tuber weight (198.86 g plant⁻¹) and number of tubers (7.74 plant⁻¹), followed by T3 (5.08) and T4 (4.24). Nevertheless, all treatments exhibited low yields and small tuber sizes, likely due to unfavorable environmental conditions and the presence of the invasive pest. Overall, chemical control was more effective than biological agents; however, the latter showed considerable potential for integration into sustainable pest management programs. Importantly, vector suppression alone does not guarantee the absence of purple-top complex symptoms or zebra chip disease in potato tubers.
Guía técnica uso de Trichoderma spp. en plantaciones de banano y plátano
(Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, 2025-03-08) Tirabanti Terrones, Nery; Montañez Ártica, Ana Gabriela; Cruz Luis, Juan Carlos Alejandro; Ramírez Rojas, Max Augusto; Rojas Llanque, Juan Carlos; Velarde Apaza, Leslie Diana
El INIA a través de la Dirección de Supervisión y Monitoreo en las Estaciones Experimentales Agrarias (DSME) viene ejecutando el proyecto de inversión “Mejoramiento de los Servicios de Investigación y Transferencia de Tecnología Agraria en la Estación Experimental Agraria El Chira, Marcavelica, del distrito de Marcavelica - provincia de Sullana - departamento de Piura” con CUI N° 2472190, el cual tiene entre sus actividades la implementación de buenas prácticas agrícolas con enfoque especial en el control biológico de fitopatógenos. En este contexto, se ha elaborado esta guía técnica titulada “Uso de Trichoderma spp. en plantaciones de banano y plátano”, con la finalidad de proporcionar información relevante y prioritaria sobre el uso del controlador biológico “Trichoderma” en éstos importantes cultivos tropicales. Asimismo, ésta guía técnica contribuye como una herramienta para la implementación de prácticas sostenibles y eficaces en el manejo del cultivo de banano y plátano orgánico. Está guía técnica está dirigida a los agricultores, técnicos, investigadores y público en general, que estén interesados en el uso de los controladores biológicos para el manejo de éstos cultivos.
Impact of interstock and rootstock on the growth and productivity of mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivar Kent in the San Lorenzo valley, Peru
(MDPI, 2025-11-24) Casas Niño, Sebastián; Vilchez Navarro, Sandy Graciela; Morocho Romero, Henry Hoseph; Cárdenas Huamán, Gabriela; Nuñez Ticliahuanca, Esdwin Oberti; Montañez Artica, Ana Gabriela; Velarde Apaza, Leslie Diana; Ramirez Rojas, Max; Rojas Llanque, Juan Carlos; Lozano Isla, Flavio
Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is a tropical fruit tree characterized by vigorous growth and high fruit production, making it one of Peru's main export crops. However, its extensive vegetative development requires substantial space, limiting productivity per unit area. This study evaluated the effects of rootstock and interstock combinations on agronomic traits and fruit biometrics, highlighting the potential of interstocks to modulate tree vigor in mango orchards of Peru's dry forest region. A total of 216 trees were established using 'Chulucanas' and 'Chato' as rootstocks and 'Chulucanas,' 'Chato,' 'Irwin,' and 'Julie' as interstocks, apically grafted with the 'Kent' cultivar, with a spacing of 6.0 m × 6.0 m. Tree performance was assessed after 10 years during the 2017–2019 growing seasons in Piura, Peru, under a randomized complete block design (2 × 4 factorial). The combination of the 'Chulucanas' rootstock with 'Chulucanas' and 'Julie' interstocks reduced tree height by 10.94% and 11.70%, respectively, facilitating orchard management and potentially increasing planting density. Yield varied significantly among growing seasons, with a 15% reduction in 2017 attributed to El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-related increases in temperature and rainfall that affected flowering and fruit set. These results underscore the importance of cultivar selection and climate-adaptive strategies to sustain mango productivity in regions prone to climatic variability.
Manual para la inoculación de rizobios en leguminosas
(Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, 2025-03-30) Huasasquiche Sarmiento, Lucero; Velarde Apaza, Leslie Diana; Arévalo Aranda, Yuri Gandhi; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi
El INIA, a través de la Dirección de Supervisión y Monitoreo en las Estaciones Experimentales Agrarias (DSME) viene ejecutando el proyecto Mejoramiento de los Servicios de Investigación y Transferencia Tecnológica en el manejo y recuperación de suelos agrícolas degradados y aguas para riego en la pequeña y mediana agricultura en los departamentos de Lima, Áncash, San Martín, Cajamarca, Lambayeque, Junín, Ayacucho, Arequipa, Puno y Ucayali con CUI Nº 2487112, el cual tiene entre sus objetivos desarrollar capacidades en el manejo y recuperación de suelos agrícolas degradados. En este contexto, la implementación de prácticas agrícolas que sean tanto sostenibles como productivas es crucial para evitar el uso excesivo de fertilizantes químicos, los cuales tienen un impacto negativo en la salud del suelo y la calidad del agua. Una alternativa más ecológica es la inoculación de rizobios en leguminosas. Esta técnica agrícola no solo promueve la fertilidad del suelo mediante la fijación biológica del nitrógeno, sino que también mejora el rendimiento de los cultivos. Además, esta práctica contribuye a reducir la dependencia de fertilizantes, proporcionando una solución innovadora y respetuosa con el medio ambiente para incrementar la productividad agrícola. Este documento describe en detalle el uso y los beneficios de la inoculación de rizobios en leguminosas. Está dirigido a agricultores, profesionales del sector agropecuario y público en general interesado en conocer más sobre esta práctica agrícola y contribuir así al desarrollo de una agricultura más sustentable.
Rhizobium inoculation sustains optimal yields on native common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under nitrogen-deficient fertilization
(MDPI, 2025-07-25) Vásquez Lozano, Danny Jarlis; Ureta Sierra, Cledy; Campos Ruiz, Joseph; Ramírez Maguiña, Héctor Andrés; Chávez Collantes, Azucena; Velarde Apaza, Leslie Diana; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi; Cadenillas Martínez, Attilio Israel
Native bean genotypes (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) play a crucial role in ensuring food security in the Andean region. However, their cultivation faces challenges, such as low yields and a high dependence on nitrogen fertilizers. Addressing these issues requires the development of sustainable strategies to enhance productivity. This study evaluated the interaction between Rhizobium phaseoli inoculation and three levels of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilization on the growth, yield, and nutritional profile of the 'Tiachos bayo' native bean variety under Andean field conditions. Two R. phaseoli strains (UNC-1 and CIAT-2) were tested in combination with three levels of chemical fertilization (0%, 50%, and 100%) using a factorial design under field conditions. Parameters assessed included nodule number, plant height, phenology, yield, and proximal grain composition. Results indicated that inoculation and fertilization levels significantly influenced nodulation, phenological phases, and crop yield. The highest yield (2172 kg·ha⁻¹) and nodule number (78) were observed with the combined treatment of R. phaseoli CIAT-2 strain with 100% fertilization. It was concluded that R. phaseoli inoculation, when integrated with appropriate fertilization, enhances the productivity of native beans.