Examinando por Autor "Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi"

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Bacillus subtilis and Rhizophagus intraradices improve vegetative growth, yield, and fruit quality of Fragaria × ananassa var. San Andreas
(MDPI, 2024-09-02) Huasasquiche Sarmiento, Lucero; Alejandro, Leonela; Ccori, Thania; Cántaro Segura, Héctor; Samaniego Vivanco, Tomás Daniel; Quispe Matos, Kenyi Rolando; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi
Strawberry cultivation requires strategies that maintain or improve its yield within a scheme in which reducing fertilizers and other chemical products can make its consumption safer and more environmentally friendly. This study aims to evaluate the effect of Bacillus subtilis and Rhizophagus intraradices on strawberry growth, yield, and fruit quality. B. subtilis and R. intraradices were inoculated and co-inoculated under three fertilization levels of 225-100-250, 112-50-125, and 0-0-0 kg・ha−1 of N, P2O5 and K2O. Vegetative growth was evaluated in plant height (cm), leaf area (cm2), aerial fresh weight (g), aerial dry weight (g), and plant coverage (%) variables. Fruit quality parameters such as total acidity (g・100 mL−1), soluble solids (Brix◦), and firmness (kg) were also determined, as well as the number of fruits per m2 and yield (t・ha−1). The results showed that the pre-treatment of root immersion in a nutrient solution with B. subtilis and the fractionation of 6 L B. subtilis inoculation per plant at a concentration of 107 CFU・mL−1, in combination with 225-100-250 kg・ha−1 of N, P2O5, and K2O, achieved the highest accumulation of dry matter (12.9 +- 1.9 g・plant−1), the highest number of fruits (28.2 +- 4.5 fruits・m−2), and the highest yield (7.2 +- 1.4 t・ha−1). In addition, this treatment increased the soluble sugar content by 34.78% and fruit firmness by 26.54% compared to the control without inoculation. This study highlights the synergistic effect of mineral nutrition and microbial inoculation with B. subtilis in increasing strawberry yield and fruit quality.
El biofertilizante líquido fermentado de residuos de camal mejora el rendimiento del cultivo de maíz
(Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, 2024-08-06) Samaniego Vivanco, Tomás Daniel; Pérez Porras, Wendy Elizabeth; Lastra Paúcar, Sphyros; Verme Mustiga, Ezio; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi
La aplicación exclusiva de fertilizantes sintéticos u orgánicos sigue generando polémica. La evidencia muestra que su aplicación conjunta puede mejorar la nutrición de los cultivos, evitar el uso excesivo de fertilizantes sintéticos y amortiguar su efecto contaminante en el suelo. Objetivo: Evaluar el uso de dosis de fertilización orgánica y mineral sobre el crecimiento y rendimiento del maíz amarillo duro Megahíbrido 619 INIA empleando un biofertilizante líquido derivado de la fermentación de residuos de camal. Metodología: Mediante un diseño experimental de bloques completos al azar con arreglo factorial 4x2, se ensayaron cuatro dosis de fertilización química NPK y la aplicación del biofertilizante. La fertilización mineral se fraccionó en dos partes, mientras que las aplicaciones del biofertilizante fermentado de residuos de camal se realizaron vía drench durante el crecimiento vegetativo y entre las etapas de panojamiento y llenado de grano a una dosis de 50 L. ha-1 de producto. Resultados: El uso del biofertilizante líquido (K1) tuvo un impacto positivo en el crecimiento, con un efecto equiparable en la altura y área foliar de la planta al aplicar una dosis media de fertilización química (F2_K1). La dosis más baja de fertilización química en combinación con el biofertilizante (F1_K1) obtuvo un índice de cosecha estadísticamente superior (+14%) en comparación con el la fertilización completa (F3_K1). Implicaciones: Si bien las fertilizaciones más altas no produjeron rendimientos superiores, es posible que en otras condiciones y con otros híbridos de maíz sí se observen diferencias significativas. Conclusión: La aplicación del biofertilizante líquido junto con una dosis reducida de fertilización mineral permite obtener un mayor índice de cosecha y rendimientos comparables con el uso de una fertilización mineral completa en el maíz amarillo.
Current Progress in Microbial Biocontrol of Banana Fusarium Wilt: A Systematic Review
(MDPI, 2025-02-28) Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi; Ramírez Maguiña, Héctor Andrés; Johnson Pozo, Luis Fernando; Ureta Sierra, Cledy; Cruz Luiz, Juancarlos Alejandro
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) poses a significant threat to global banana production. This systematic review updates current knowledge on the efficacy of various antagonistic microorganisms in controlling Foc, considering the recent spread of this disease to new regions. The studies were systematically analyzed, focusing on methodologies, results, and conclusions to provide a comprehensive overview of current research and its practical implications. A total of 118 studies were reviewed, covering the use of antagonistic microorganisms such as Trichoderma spp., Bacillus spp., Streptomyces spp., and Pseudomonas spp., both in pure cultures and in consortia. Most studies focused on controlling Foc TR4 in Cavendish subgroup bananas and originated from Asia. Microbial consortia demonstrated a higher control percentage with lower variability, particularly in genera such as Pseudomonas. In contrast, pure cultures were more commonly used for Streptomyces. The choice between consortia and pure cultures depends on the genus and the experimental context, as each approach has distinct advantages. Although the reviewed studies were generally of high quality, long-term research is still lacking. Antagonistic microorganisms represent a promising alternative for Foc control, although their efficacy depends on the specific strain and environmental conditions. It has been observed that inoculating these microorganisms onto seedlings before transplantation or in combination with organic matter enhances their effectiveness. Localized testing and formulation optimization are recommended to improve their application as preventive and suppressive tools in soil against infections. The review highlights a vast diversity of microbial agents with high efficacy rates, various modes of action, and additional benefits for plant development beyond Foc biocontrol. Furthermore, some studies achieved 100% control at the plant level under controlled conditions. These findings demonstrate that biological control is a viable alternative for integrated Foc management. Future research should prioritize new approaches that facilitate the widespread adoption of these methodologies, including microbial formulation, field application, and integration with other control methods.
Effect of co-inoculation with growth-promoting bacteria and arbuscular Mycorrhizae on growth of Persea americana seedlings infected with Phytophthora cinnamomi
(MDPI, 2024-04-02) Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi; Toro García, Marcia; Zúñiga Dávila, Doris Elizabeth
Avocado is one of the most in-demand fruits worldwide and the trend towards its sustainable production, regulated by international standards, is increasing. One of the most economically important diseases is root rot, caused by Phythopthora cinnamomi. Regarding this problem, antagonistic microorganism use is an interesting alternative due to their phytopathogen control efficiency. Therefore, the interaction of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of the phylum Glomeromycota, native to the Peruvian coast (GWI) and jungle (GFI), and avocado rhizospheric bacteria, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas putida, was evaluated in terms of their biocontrol capacity against P. cinnamomi in the “Zutano” variety of avocado plants. The results showed that the GWI and Bacillus subtilis combination increased the root exploration surface by 466.36%. P. putida increased aerial biomass by 360.44% and B. subtilis increased root biomass by 433.85%. Likewise, P. putida rhizobacteria showed the highest nitrogen (24.60 mg ∙ g−1 DM) and sulfur (2.60 mg ∙ g−1 DM) concentrations at a foliar level. The combination of GWI and Bacillus subtilis was the treatment that presented the highest calcium (16.00 mg ∙ g−1 DM) and magnesium (8.80 mg ∙ g−1 DM) concentrations. The microorganisms’ multifunctionality reduced disease severity by 85 to 90% due to the interaction between mycorrhizae and rhizobacteria. In conclusion, the use of growth promoting microorganisms that are antagonistic to P. cinnamomi represents a potential strategy for sustainable management of avocado cultivation.
Guía práctica para la producción de bioabonos (biol y biosol)
(Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, 2023-10-10) Ortiz Dongo, Luis Felipe; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi; Pérez Porras, Wendy Elizabeth
El presente tríptico de la guía práctica para la producción de bioabonos (biol y biosol) informa las ventajas, materias primas, proceso, procedimiento para la elaboración y condiciones para el proceso. Así como sus aplicaciones y consideraciones.
Guía práctica para la producción de Vermicompost (humus)
(Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, 2023-07) Ortiz Dongo, Luis Felipe; Pérez Porras, Wendy Elizabeth; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi
La guía práctica para la producción de vermicompost (humus), difunde el proceso de descomposición aeróbica en presencia de oxígeno similar al compostaje, en que el material orgánico, además de ser degradado por los microorganismos (bacterias, hongos, actinomicetos, levaduras, etc.) existentes en el medio natural, también es descompuesto por el complejo sistema digestivo de las lombrices. El resultado final son tres productos de alta calidad: el vermicompost (humus), el lixiviado y las lombrices. El vermicompostaje, se diferencia de la lombricultura, porque este no busca incrementar la cantidad de lombrices, dándole mayor interés a la obtención de vermicompost y lixiviados. El uso del vermicompost es importante porque representa una alternativa para recuperar y mejorar la fertilidad de los suelos.
Guía técnica de cultivos hidropónicos
(Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, 2023-11-30) Ingar de la Cruz, Luis Martín; Toledo Choquehuanca, José Jesús Martin; Quispe Condori, Adolfo; Andrés Orizano, Juan Álvaro; Ortiz Morera, Narda Cecilia; Ramírez Rojas, Max Augusto; Macavilca Villar, Pedro Miguel; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi; Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alejandro
El Ministerio de Desarrollo Agrario y Riego (MIDAGRI), a través del Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), pone a disposición de los productores, técnicos, conservacionistas, profesionales e investigadores, la presente guía "Guía técnica de cultivos hidropónicos". El documento tiene como finalidad orientar de una manera práctica a la población peruana en el uso de la hidroponía como una técnica de producción agrícola para contribuir con la seguridad alimentaria; además de promoverla como una alternativa de emprendimiento.
Guinea Pig Manure and Mineral Fertilizers Enhance the Yield and Nutritional Quality of the INIA 619 Maize Variety on the Peruvian Coast
(Preprints.org, 2025-02-28) Calero Rios, Emilee Nahomi; Borbor Ponce, Miryam; Lastra Paucar, Sphyros Roomel; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi
Sustainable fertilization using local resources like manure is crucial for soil health. This study evaluated the potential of guinea pig manure to replace mineral fertilizers in hard yellow maize (hybrid INIA 619) under Peruvian coastal conditions. A split-plot design tested four doses of guinea pig manure (0, 2, 5, 10 t ha-1) and four levels of mineral fertilization (0%, 50%, 75%, 100%). The study assessed plant height, ear characteristics, yield, and nutritional quality parameters. The results indicated that 100% mineral fertilization led to the highest plant height (229.67 cm) and grain weight (141.8 g). Yields of 9.19 and 9.08 t ha-1 were achieved with 5 and 10 t ha-1 of manure, while 50% mineral fertilization gave 8.8 t ha-1, similar to the full dose (8.7 t ha-1). Protein content was highest with 10 t ha-1 of manure combined with mineral fertilization. However, no significant differences were found between the 50%, 75%, and 100% mineral fertilizer doses. In conclusion, applying guinea pig manure improved nutrient use efficiency, yield, and grain protein quality in maize, reducing the need for mineral fertilizers by up to 50%. This provides a sustainable fertilization strategy for agricultural systems.
Litter decomposition rates of four species of agroecological importance in the Peruvian coast and Andean highland
(MDPI, 2024-09-13) Samaniego Vivanco, Tomás Daniel; Ramirez Aparicio, Jorge Adrian; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi
Crop residue decomposition is fundamental for ecosystems, influencing carbon cycling, organic matter accumulation, and promoting plant development through nutrient release. Therefore, this study aimed to ascertain the rate of decomposition of four commonly cultivated crops (alfalfa, maize, avocado, and eucalyptus) along the northern coast of Lima (Huaral) and in the Ancash Mountain range (Jangas) areas. Decomposition rates were assessed using mass loss from decomposition bags measuring 15 × 10 cm, filled with 10–15 g of material tailored to each species, and buried at a depth of approximately 5 cm. Sampling occurred every three months over a year, totaling four sampling events with three replicates each, resulting in ninety-six experimental units. The findings demonstrate that the decomposition rates and the release of nutrients were markedly greater in Huaral for maize and avocado. In contrast, these rates were notably elevated in Jangas for alfalfa and eucalyptus. The leaf litter of avocado and eucalyptus (tree) had periods of accumulation and release of heavy metals such as Cd. The initial C/N ratio was one of the main factors related to the nutrient decomposition rate; in contrast, there were no significant relationships with soil properties at the study sites.
Manual de aplicación de enmiendas para suelos salinos y sódicos
(Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), 2024-09-27) Pérez Porras, Wendy Elizabeth; Flores Marquez, Ricardo; Calero Rios, Emilee Nahomi; Arévalo Aranda, Yuri Gandhi; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi
El enfoque principal del “Manual de aplicación de enmiendas para suelos salinos y sódicos” es brindar conocimiento detallado y paso a paso sobre cómo seleccionar, aplicar y monitorear enmiendas adecuadas para corregir los problemas de salinidad y sodicidad en los suelos, donde se abordan y recomiendan enmiendas orgánicas y químicas; asimismo, se proporciona ejemplos específicos de casos exitosos de su uso. Esto contribuirá al desarrollo de prácticas agrícolas más sostenibles y productivas en entornos afectados por la degradación química como es la salinidad y sodicidad.
Manual de encalado de suelos ácidos
(Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), 2024-04-29) Arévalo Aranda, Yuri Gandhi; Pérez Porras, Wendy Elizabeth; Samaniego Vivanco, Tomás Daniel; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi
El Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA) pone a disposición el presente “Manual de encalado de suelos ácidos”, que está dirigido a agricultores, técnicos, investigadores y público en general, interesados en esta práctica útil para la gestión de la acidez del suelo.
Manual para la fertilización del cultivo de maíz amarillo duro en condiciones de la selva peruana
(Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, 2025-03-19) Díaz Chuquizuta, Henry; Arévalo Aranda, Yuri Gandhi; Samaniego Puente, Julio Cesar; Siqueira Bahia, Rita de Cassia; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi
El Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA) es un organismo técnico especializado adscrito al Ministerio de Desarrollo Agrario y Riego (MIDAGRI), que realiza actividades de investigación, transferencia tecnológica, aprovechamiento y conservación de los recursos genéticos; además de la producción de semillas, plantones y reproductores de alto valor genético. El INIA a través de la Dirección de Supervisión y Monitoreo en las Estaciones Experimentales Agrarias (DSME) viene ejecutando el proyecto de inversión “Mejoramiento de los servicios de investigación y transferencia tecnológica en el manejo y recuperación de suelos agrícolas degradados y aguas para riego en la pequeña y mediana agricultura en los departamentos de Lima, Ancash, San Martín, Cajamarca, Lambayeque, Junín, Ayacucho, Arequipa, Puno y Ucayali”, con CUI N° 2487112, el cual tiene entre sus objetivos investigar, transferir y desarrollar tecnologías relacionadas con el manejo de suelos y aguas, para optimizar la calidad y la productividad de los cultivos, contribuyendo al fortalecimiento de la agricultura familiar. El cultivo de maíz amarillo duro, además de ser esencial para la seguridad alimentaria en el Perú y el mundo, es de gran importancia económica, agroindustrial y social en la Amazonía peruana, especialmente para la agricultura familiar. Sin embargo, este cultivo se caracteriza por sus altos rendimientos y requiere de un adecuado programa de fertilización para asegurar su sostenibilidad a largo plazo. Por lo que, el enfoque principal de este manual es brindar conocimiento detallado y paso a paso sobre las prácticas de fertilización necesarias para obtener un cultivo de maíz amarillo duro saludable y productivo. Asimismo, se abordan temas relacionados con la evaluación del estado nutricional de la planta de maíz y la importancia de llevar a cabo análisis de suelo para conocer su fertilidad y definir las dosis adecuadas de fertilizante. Este manual está dirigido a los agricultores, los profesionales del sector agropecuario y público en general interesado en mejorar la calidad y productividad del cultivo de maíz amarillo duro.
Multiomics approaches on extremophiles and their application in the biological management of e-waste
(John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2023-12-23) Hualpa Cutipa, Edwin; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi; Landa Acuña, Daniela; Mendoza León, Janelle
The latest technological advances in the current era have allowed development in the different areas and disciplines of science, leading to a series of discoveries that enhance current scientific knowledge. These advances are largely due to the rapid evolution in the manufacture of increasingly sophisticated electronic devices. However, the consumption and disposal of electronic devices generate environmental pollution problems (e-waste) in different matrices of the ecosystem, linked to an accelerated demographic growth. A variety of techniques have been used to reduce the outcome of e-waste. Bioremediation is an environmental and eco-friendly strategy based on the use of the metabolic capabilities of organisms and microorganisms. For a better application of these environmental strategies, the application of molecular strategies is proposed under a multiomic approach, which involves the global and integrated study of the molecular components resulting from the interaction of organisms and microorganisms with waste products. Therefore, the aim of this chapter is to provide details on the microbes that degrade electronic waste (e-waste) and their study under a multiomic perspective (genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, and proteomics).
Native microbial consortia: A sustainable strategy for improving the quality of forest seedlings in the Peruvian Amazon
(MDPI, 2025-02-10) Amaringo Cordova, Luiz Paulo; Mori Montero, Cesar; Padilla Castro, Cesar Franco; Ocaña Reyes, Jimmy A.; Riveros Lizana, Christian Alonso; Camacho Villalobos, Alina Alexandra; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi
Forest plantations represent an alternative to reduce timber extraction pressure in the Amazonian forests. In order to tolerate the hostile field conditions of deforested areas, high-quality seedlings are required. This study aimed to find the optimal dose of a native microbial consortium (NMC), which enhances seedling quality indicators, in three forest species at nursery phase. A completely randomized design (3 × 5) was used. Factor 1: Bolaina blanca (Guazuma crinita Mart.), Capirona (Calycophyllum spruceanum Benth. Hook. f.), and Marupa (Simarouba amara Aubl.). Factor 2: Incremental doses of 0, 160, 320, 480, and 640 mL NMC per plant. The nursery survival (%), robustness index, root height/length ratio, shoot–root index, Dickson Quality Index (DQI), Nitrogen (%), Phosphorus (%), and Potassium (%) content in tissues were analyzed. Statistical analyses consisted of two-way ANOVA per variable and correlation analysis. The results indicated that increasing doses of NMC did not improve nursery survival for any species; did not decrease the robustness index, plant height/root length ratio, or the shoot–root index for any species; and did not increase the DQI, P%, or K% for any species; however, they did increase the N% for all species. In conclusion, the incremental dose of 160 mL was chosen for increasing the N% without affecting nursery survival.
Spatial Variability of Soil Acidity and Lime Requirements for Potato Cultivation in the Huánuco Highlands
(MDPI, 2024-12-13) Quispe Matos, Kenyi Rolando; Mejía, Sharon; Carbajal Llosa, Carlos Miguel; Alejandro Mendez, Lidiana Rene; Verástegui Martinez, Patricia; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi
Soil acidity is a major limiting factor for potato production in Peru's high Andean region. This study aims to predict the spatial variability of soil acidity as a fundamental tool for recommending site-specific liming treatments and to identify the physical-chemical characteristics most closely related to soil acidity. The soil samples were collected from five locations in the province of Pachitea, Huánuco. Descriptive statistics, principal component analysis (PCA), and Pearson correlation analysis were used to identify the soil properties contributing most to total variance and those most strongly correlated with soil acidity. The ordinary geostatistical kriging method evaluated the predictive accuracy for 23 soil properties and liming requirements over a 28,463 ha area, at a spatial resolution of 10 m. Results showed that the Plaza Punta and Buenos Aires locations had more degraded acidic soils, with frequencies between 55% and 100% above the general mean (30.94 ± 24.87%) and the critical threshold (25%) for potato cultivation. Variables such as exchangeable calcium percentage (ECP), Ca2+, Mg2+, sand content, and organic matter strongly correlated with soil acidity, while exchangeable H+ and ECP were the main contributors to the total variance. Geostatistical analysis revealed that Mg2+ and Ca2+ had the highest R² values (0.87 and 0.76, respectively), indicating a strong fit between observed and predicted values in the spatial analysis of soil acidity. It is concluded that the agricultural dolomite requirements in the localities of Plaza Punta and Buenos Aires exhibit high spatial predictability. Additionally, the analysis of diverse soil physicochemical properties is emphasized as critical for determining precise application rates.
Synergy Between Microbial Inoculants and Mineral Fertilization to Enhance the Yield and Nutritional Quality of Maize on the Peruvian Coast
(MDPI, 2024-12-21) López Montañez, Ruth; Calero Rios, Emilee Nahomi; Quispe Matos , Kenyi Rolando; Huasasquiche Sarmiento, Lucero; Lastra Paucar, Sphyros Roomel; La Torre , Braulio; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi
Hard yellow maize is a crucial crop in Peruvian agriculture that plays a significant role in food security and livestock production. However, intensive fertilization practices in agronomic management have negatively impacted soil health. To explore more sustainable agricultural technologies, researchers investigated solutions using microorganisms to enhance plant growth. This study assessed the synergistic effects of microbial inoculants and mineral fertilization on INIA 619 and Dekal B-7088 maize varieties' yield and nutritional quality. A split-plot design was employed, incorporating four inoculation treatments—no inoculant, Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma viride, and Pseudomonas putida—combined with fertilization levels of 0%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. The findings revealed that Bacillus subtilis boosted yields by 13.1% in INIA 619 and 55.5% in Dekal B-7088. Additionally, combined with 100% fertilization, microbial inoculation increased protein content by 47% and carbohydrates by 6% in INIA 619 while maintaining nutritional quality with 75% fertilization. Similarly, in Dekal B-7088, inoculation with total fertilization enhanced protein content by 54% and fiber by 27%. These results demonstrated that microbial inoculation could reduce mineral fertilization by up to 25% while sustaining high yields and improving the nutritional quality of maize.
Tillage practices and liming: comparative study of soil properties and forage corn production
(MDPI, 2024-03-09) Ocaña Reyes, Jimmy Alcides; Gutierrez Tang, Marco Antonio; Paredes Espinosa, Richard; Riveros Lizana, Christian Alonso; Cárdenas Rengifo, Gloria Patricia; Bravo Morales, Nino Frank; Quispe Tomas, Astrid Chilsy; Amaringo Cordova, Luiz Paulo; Ocaña Canales, Juan C.; Zavala Solórzano, José W.; Huamaní Yupanqui, Hugo A.; Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alejandro; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi
Tillage conservation practices (CA), traditional agriculture (TA), and liming influence soil properties and crop yield. However, it is essential to demonstrate which tillage and liming practices improve soil properties and forage corn yield. This study compared soil properties and forage corn production in two tillage systems with the addition of dolomite and lime, which formed four treatments. The tillage in the first three days surpassed the TA soil CO2 emission, with 64.8% more CO2 than in the CA soil, and the TA hydraulic conductivity and bulk density were more suitable than those in the CA soil. The CA soil had 233 earthworms m−2 more than in TA. The TA green forage corn yielded 6.45 t ha−1 more than in CA, with a higher P, Ca, and Mg foliar content than in CA, but in the CA, the foliar N and K were higher than in TA. The liming increased soil cations (except K), highlighting the lime on dolomite with—52% Al and + 4.85 t ha−1 of forage corn compared to the control. Soil CO2 emission was far lower in CA than in TA, with a slightly lower forage yield, and other soil properties were improved, meaning lower land preparation costs and time savings than in TA. Lime improved acidic soil faster than dolomite, generating higher forage yields.
Transformation of Terraces with Irrigation Systems: Profitability and Water Savings in Potato Crop (Solanum tuberosum L.)
(MDPI, 2025-02-25) Poma Chamana, Russell; Flores Marquez, Ricardo; Cordova Tadeo, Joel; Quello Huamaní, Antony Arturo; Arapa Quispe, José; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi
In recent decades, climate change has intensified the challenges in agriculture, increasing the incidence of water and heat stress during critical stages of the crop cycle. It includes the exacerbation of the seasonality of rainfall and temperature. This significantly affects their development and yield. In addition, climate change has reduced irrigation water availability, highlighting the need to evaluate joint strategies to increase water productivity. These strategies include the implementation of irrigation systems, the use of terraces, and the application of deficit irrigation (DI). In this context, the present research aims to evaluate the irrigation water productivity (WPirri) and the economic water productivity (EWP) of the combined use of DI through a pressurized irrigation system in terraces of the southern highlands of Peru for a potato crop. The treatments included L0: traditional surface irrigation with irrigation depth equivalent to 100% ETc, L1: drip irrigation with irrigation depth equivalent to 100% ETC, L2: drip irrigation with DI at 75% ETc, and L3: drip irrigation with DI at 50% ETc. The DI treatments (L2 and L3) were implemented by forming stolons (60 DAS). As a result, L2 allows saving irrigation water of 3930 m³ ha−1 compared to L0 and 1164 m³ ha¯¹ compared to L1. It means a WPirri of 6.15 ± 0.35 kg m−3 allowing a commercial yield (CY: 27.15 ± 1.47 t ha¯¹) statistically similar to L1 (WPirri: 5.45 ± 0.34 kg m−3; CY: 30.14 ± 1.83 t ha¯¹) and higher than the traditional surface irrigation (WPirri: 2.63 ± 0.23 kg·m−3; CY: 21.62 ± 1.99 t ha¯¹). This water saving meant a net income of 3097.04 ± 435.52 USD ha¯¹ for L2, close to L1 (4421.12 ± 724.24 USD ha¯¹), and much higher than L0 (1664.50 ± 834.24 USD ha¯¹). The results suggest that using drip irrigation systems in terraced crops optimizes water savings, maintains yields and profitability, and could promote the modernization of terraces in rural environments.