Examinando por Autor "Guerrero Abad, Juan Carlos"

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A pathogen complex between the root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita and Fusarium verticillioides results in extreme mortality of the inka nut (Plukenetia volubilis)
(Julius Kühn-Institut., 2021-10-12) Guerrero Abad, Juan Carlos; Padilla Domínguez, Ammer; Torres Flores, Elías; López Rodríguez, Carlos; Guerrero Abad, Roger Arbildo; Coyne, Danny; Oehl, Fritz; Corazon Guivin, Mike Anderson
The combined infection of the root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita and two Fusarium species led to high plant mortality of inka nut (Plukenetia volubilis) seedlings in pots after 80 days growth in two independent inoculation experiments. Inoculation of M. incognita juveniles and conidia of F. solani or F. verticillioides, simultaneously, increased plant mortality by 25-30%, compared with M. incognita alone (5-10% mortality). When inoculated with F. verticillioides at 20 days post nematode inoculation, plant mortality increased to 55%. Either of the Fusarium spp. alone caused some plant mortality, but less than when combined with M. incognita. The synergistic interaction of M. incognita and especially F. verticillioides demonstrates a lethal outcome for inka nuts. It appears that M. incognita creates favorable conditions that lead to enhanced effect and damage by the Fusarium species, especially F. verticillioides, leading to devastating levels of plant death.
Acaulospora aspera, a new fungal species in the Glomeromycetes from rhizosphere soils of the inka nut (Plukenetia volubilis L.) in Peru
(Julius Kühn-Institut, 2019-10-09) Corazon Guivin, Mike Anderson; Cerna Mendoza, Agustín; Guerrero Abad, Juan Carlos; Vallejos Tapullima, Adela; Carballar Hernández, Santos; Alves da Silva, Gladstone; Oehl, Fritz
A new fungal species of the Glomeromycetes, Acaulospora aspera, was isolated from the rhizosphere of the inka nut (Plukenetia volubilis) in San Martín State of Peru (Western Amazonia) and propagated in bait cultures on Sorghum spp., Brachiaria brizantha, Medicago sativa and P. volubilis as host plants. The fungus forms brownish yellow to yellow brown spores, (120-)135-195 × (120-)130 187 μm in diameter. The surface of the structural spore wall layer is crowded with small depressions, 0.4-0.7 μm in diameter, up to 0.8 μm deep, and only 1.1-1.8 apart, giving the spore surface a rough, washboardlike appearance, especially when the outermost, evanescent wall layer has disappeared. Phylogenetically, the new species is close to A. spinosissima, A. excavata and to other morphologically more similar species such as A. spinosa and A. tuberculata, which form spiny or tuberculate projections on the outermost, semi-persistent spore wall layer, or A. herrerae, A. kentinensis, A. scrobiculata and A. minuta, which on the structural spore wall layer all have more pronunced pits than A. aspera. In this study, also the name of A. spinosissima was validated, as it had been preliminary declared invalid because of a typing error in the diagnosis section of its original description.
Acaulospora flava, a new arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus from Coffea arabica and Plukenetia volubilis plantations at the sources of the Amazon river in Peru
(Julius Kühn-Institut, 2021-08-06) Corazon Guivin, Mike Anderson; Vallejos Tapullima, Adela; De la Sota Ricaldi, Ana María; Cerna Mendoza, Agustín; Guerrero Abad, Juan Carlos; Santos, Viviane Monique; Da Silva, Glandstone Alves; Oehl, Fritz
A new arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Acaulospora flava, was found in coffee (Coffea arabica) and inka nut (Plukenetia volubilis) plantations in the Amazonia region of San Martín State in Peru. The fungus was propagated in bait cultures on Sorghum vulgare, Brachiaria brizantha and Medicago sativa as host plants. It differentiates typical acaulosporoid spores laterally on sporiferous saccule necks. The spores are light yellow, bright yellow to yellow brown, (95-)105-160 × (95-)100-150 μm in diameter and have smooth spore surfaces. Phylogenetically, A. flava clusters in a well-separated clade, nearest to A. kentinensis, followed by A. herrerae, A. spinosissima, A. excavata and A. aspera, of which remarkably A. spinosissima, A. excavata and A. aspera had also been found in inka nut plantations of San Martín State during the last years. Here, we report also A. herrerae and A. fragilissima as fungal symbionts within the rhizosphere of coffee and the inka nut. The later two fungi had so far been recorded by concomitant morphological and molecular analyses only from tropical islands, A. herrerae from Cuba in the Golf of Mexico and A. fragilissima from New Caledonia in the southwest Pacific Ocean close to Australia. In this study, the ITS region of A. herrerae was analyzed for the first time and deposited in the public databases. In total, we already recovered fourteen Acaulospora species from coffee and inka nut plantations in San Martín State of Peru, suggesting that Acaulospora species are frequent and beneficial symbionts in coffee and inka nut roots in San Martín State of Peru.
Agro-morphological characterization and diversity analysis of Coffea arabica germplasm collection from INIA, Peru
(John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2023-06-06) Paredes Espinosa, Richard; Gutiérrez Reynoso, Dina Lida; Atoche Garay, Diego Fernando; Mansilla Córdova, Pedro Javier ; Abad Romaní, Yudi Gertrudis; Girón Aguilar, Rita Carolina; Flores Torres, Itala; Montañez Artica, Ana Gabriela; Arbizu Berrocal, Carlos Irvin; Amasifuen Guerra, Carlos Alberto; Maicelo Quintana, Jorge Luis; Poemape Tuesta, Carlos Augusto; Guerrero Abad, Juan Carlos
Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) plays a major role in the economy of Peru and the world. The present study aims to elucidate the agro-morphological variability of coffee genotypes maintained in the INIA´s germplasm collection. Therefore, 20 vegetative, reproductive, and phytosanitary traits of 162 coffee accessions of INIA’s germplasm collection were evaluated and analyzed. Correlation results indicate that a simultaneous selection of characters, such as number of branches per plant, number of nodes per branch, leaf area and weight of a hundred fruits, can contribute to increase coffee yields. Additionally, coffee yield was negatively correlated with the incidence and severity of coffee leaf rust, and interestingly the occurrence of small and compact coffee plants with high resistance to the disease was also found. The analysis of Tocher and Mahalanobis D2 determined the formation of 10 groups of divergent coffee accessions; where clusters 1 (accession codes 20, 29, 38, 54, 67, 71, 117, 24, 26 and 27), 5 (accession codes 46 and 53), 9 (accession code 159), and 10 (accession code 203) group promising accessions that can be used in breeding programs. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that at least five of its principal components managed to explain 70.01% of the total variation in the collection. Finally, the high coefficients obtained for the phenotypic, genotypic and heritability variation confirm the existence of additive genes in the evaluated population, that would ensure the success of coffee breeding programs based on the selection of traits of agronomic importance.
Agro-morphological characterization and diversity analysis of Coffea arabica germplasm collection from INIA, Peru
(John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2023-04-04) Paredes Espinosa, Richard; Gutiérrez Reynoso, Dina Lida; Atoche Garay, Diego Fernando; Abad Romaní, Yudi Gertrudis; Girón Aguilar, Rita Carolina; Flores Torres, Itala; Montañez Artica, Ana Gabriela; Arbizu Berrocal, Carlos Irvin; Amasifuen Guerra, Carlos Alberto; Poemape Tuesta, Carlos Augusto; Guerrero Abad, Juan Carlos
Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) plays a major role in the economy of Peru and the world. The present study aims to elucidate the agro-morphological variability of coffee genotypes maintained in the INIA´s germplasm collection. Therefore, 20 vegetative, reproductive, and phytosanitary traits of 162 coffee accessions of INIA’s germplasm collection were evaluated and analyzed. Correlation results indicate that a simultaneous selection of characters, such as number of branches per plant, number of nodes per branch, leaf area and weight of a hundred fruits, can contribute to increase coffee yields. Additionally, coffee yield was negatively correlated with the incidence and severity of coffee leaf rust, and interestingly the occurrence of small and compact coffee plants with high resistance to the disease was also found. The analysis of Tocher and Mahalanobis D2 determined the formation of 10 groups of divergent coffee accessions; where clusters 1 (accession codes 20, 29, 38, 54, 67, 71, 117, 24, 26 and 27), 5 (accession codes 46 and 53), 9 (accession code 159), and 10 (accession code 203) group promising accessions that can be used in breeding programs. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that at least five of its principal components managed to explain 70.01% of the total variation in the collection. Finally, the high coefficients obtained for the phenotypic, genotypic and heritability variation confirm the existence of additive genes in the evaluated population, that would ensure the success of coffee breeding programs based on the selection of traits of agronomic importance.
Agrobiodiversidad
(Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, 2022-06) Guerrero Abad, Juan Carlos
En cuanto a agrobiodiversidad, el Perú mantiene una gran biodiversidad genética en tubérculos, leguminosas, granos andinos, cacao, tuberosas tropicales, entre otros. El Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria es el encargado de conservación de esta biodiversidad orientado a la seguridad alimentaria. Asimismo, hace una valoración de estas para reconocer su aptitud agronómica y su adaptación al cambio climático, ese reconocimiento es útil para la generación de nuevas variedades con mejores características.
Assessment of the genetic structure and diversity of arracacha (Arracacia xanthorrhiza) using genotyping-by-sequencing
(International Society for Horticultural Science, 2024-04-13) Arbizu Berrocal, Carlos Irvin; Saldaña Serrano, Carla Lizet; Lazo, E.; Suca Damiano, Esther Stefany; Santa Cruz Padilla, Angel Esteban; Chávez Cabrera, Alexander; Cabrera Hoyos, Héctor Antonio; Guerrero Abad, Juan Carlos; Maicelo Quintana, Jorge Luis
Arracacha, also known as “Peruvian carrot”, is a native crop from the Andean region, and is considered an unexplored root. To date, studies on this crop were mainly focused at the morphological and agronomic level. However, its genetics remains unclear. Today it is feasible to study the genetic composition of this Andean root by next-generation sequencing techniques such as genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). We here for the first time employed 183 accessions of arracacha from six Andean localities of Peru and identified 8976 SNP markers. STRUCTURE analysis revealed this Andean crop is clustered into four populations, and with few accessions intermingled. A dendrogram was generated using the UPGMA clustering algorithm, and, similar to the principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), it showed four groups. Genetic diversity estimation was conducted considering the four populations identified, revealing very high expected heterozygosity (0.432). AMOVA revealed the greatest variation within populations (89.66%) and indicated that variability between populations is 10.34%. Population divergence (Fst) ranged from 0.02 (cluster 1 vs. cluster 3) to 0.036 (cluster 1 vs. cluster 4). Negative Fis values were also detected for all populations of arracacha, indicating it depends on cross-pollination. We hope this work stimulates the development of additional molecular tools for this orphan crop in order to establish a modern breeding program and conservation strategies of this important Andean crop.
Capillary electrophoresis as a tool for genotyping SH3 mediated coffee leaf rust resistance
(Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, 2021-03-10) Gutiérrez Calle, Savina Alejandra; Sánchez Díaz, Rosa A.; Delgado Silva, Yolanda Bedsabé; Montenegro, Juan D.; Gutiérrez Reynoso, Dina Lida; Maicelo Quintana, Jorge Luis; Guerrero Abad, Juan Carlos
Coffee is an important agricultural commodity in the world. However, it is susceptible to Hemileia vastatrix (Hv), an obligatory biotrophic fungus that causes coffee leaf rust (CLR). Natural resistance to rust has been identified in the wild species Coffea canephora and Coffea liberica. These species have been used in breeding programs where interspecific resistant hybrids have been generated. The SH3 gene, derived from C. liberica, has been shown to confer extreme and long-lasting resistance to Hv. A total of 167 accessions of the INIA’s Coffee Germplasm Collection of Peru (INIA-CGC) were screened with 4 markers linked to the SH3 gene. As positive controls, EA67 (C. liberica) and the hybrid S.288 (C. arabica x C. liberica) were used. Separation of PCR products was done by capillary electrophoresis, which allow to discriminate the alleles of each marker. For three markers, specific alleles for either C. arabica or C. liberica species were found. In all cases, S.288 exhibited specific alleles for both species; whereas the INIA-CGC accessions had exclusively C. arabica alleles and EA67 had C. liberica alleles. The BA-48-21O-f marker did not produce PCR fragments for any of the positive controls, suggesting that this marker is not as predictive as the other three to determine the presence of SH3. This work reports the existence of multiple alleles for the Sat244 marker; however, the collection does not have the SH3 mediated-resistance gene. Finally, the utility of capillary electrophoresis as a tool to identify alleles linked to SH3 was demonstrated.
Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of a Peruvian landrace of Capsicum chinense Jacq. (Solanaceae), arnaucho chili pepper
(Taylor & Francis Group, 2022-01-05) Arbizu Berrocal, Carlos Irvin; Saldaña Serrano, Carla Lizet; Ferro Mauricio, Rubén Darío; Chávez Galarza, Julio César; Herrera Flores, Jordán Valentín; Contreras Liza, Sergio; Guerrero Abad, Juan Carlos; Maicelo Quintana, Jorge Luis
In this study, we sequenced the first complete chloroplast (cp) genome of a Peruvian chili pepper landrace, “arnacucho” (Capsicum chinense). This cp genome has a 156,931 bp in length with typical quadripartite structure, containing a large single copy (LSC) region (87,325 bp) and a 17,912 bp small single-copy (SSC) region, separated by two inverted repeat (IR) regions (25,847 bp); and the percentage of GC content was 37.71%. Arnaucho chili pepper chloroplast genome possesses 133 genes that consists of 86 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA, eight rRNA, and two pseudogenes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that this Peruvian chili pepper landrace is closely related to the undomesticated species C. galapagoense; all belong to the Capsiceae tribe.
Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of the black Alpaca breed of Vicugna pacos (Mammalia, Artiodactyla, Camelidae) from Puno, Peru
(Taylor & Francis Group, 2020-03-09) Bustamante, Danilo E.; Yalta Macedo, Claudia Esther; Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alejandro; Maicelo Quintana, Jorge Luis; Guerrero Abad, Juan Carlos; Gutiérrez Reynoso, Dina Lida
The domestic South American camelid Vicugna pacos L. is distributed along Peru, Chile, Bolivia, and Argentina. Here, we contribute to the bioinformatics and evolutionary systematics of the Camelidae by performing high-throughput sequencing analysis on the black Huacaya breed of V. pacos from Puno, Peru. The black Huacaya breed mitogenome is 16,664 base pairs (bp) in length and contains 37 genes (GenBank accession MT044302). The mitogenome shares a high-level of gene synteny to other Camelidae (Camelops, Camelus, Lama, and Vicugna). The mitogenome of the black Huacaya breed of V. pacos situates it in a clade with V. vicugna Molina, sister to Lama. We anticipate that further mitogenome sequencing of different breeds from Vicugna pacos will improve our understanding of the evolutionary history of this taxon.
Characterization of the horizontal resistance of coffee (Coffea arabica) to yellow rust (Hemileia vastatrix) in the field and laboratory
(The American Phytopathological Society, 2022-03-25) Paredes Espinosa, Richard; Mansilla Córdova, P. J.; Abad Romaní, Yudi Gertrudis; Gutiérrez Reynoso, Dina Lida; Guerrero Abad, Juan Carlos; Egoávil, G.
Between 2011–2013, yellow rust unleashed one of the most important phytosanitary crises in the coffee sector in Peru, causing a negative impact on the rural family economy. One of the factors associated with the intensification of the disease was the predominance of susceptible cultivars in agricultural systems. Faced with the need to rehabilitate the coffee park with new cultivars, the National Institute for Agrarian Innovation (INIA) has managed the installation of basic coffee germplasm for the development of the yellow rust resistance program, which is made up of 169 introductions from the departments of Pasco, Junín, Huánuco, Ucayali, Cajamarca, and Amazonas and obtained from 2015. The objective of the study was to evaluate the incidence and severity of epidemic conditions in the field and characterize the components of horizontal resistance, using the method of inoculations of H. vastatrix in separated coffee leaves in the laboratory. The epidemiological results collected from the field indicate that 12.43 and 20.71% of the genotypes showed complete and incomplete resistance, respectively; 66.86% showed high susceptibility to the pathogen. Three of the outstanding genotypes gave a typical horizontal resistance reaction when artificially inoculated with uredinospores on separated coffee leaves kept in a humid chamber.
Determinación de la DL50 de Metanosulfonato de Etilo (EMS) para la inducción de cambios morfológicos y fisiológicos en plántulas de Plukenetia volubilis
(Universidad Nacional de San Martín, 2022-01-20) Corazon Guivin, Mike; Arévalo Rojas, Manuel; Acosta Córdoba, Ronny; Valverde Iparraguirre, Jorge; Ruiz Sánchez, María; Cerna Mendoza, Agustín; Guerrero Abad, Juan Carlos
El uso de mutágenos químicos es una herramienta muy utilizada para la generación de nuevas variantes genéticas en diversos cultivos agrícolas. Se evaluó el uso Ethyl Methanesulphonate (EMS) en semillas de Plukenetia volubilis L. para determinar la concentración óptima de EMS que redujera la germinación y/o emergencia de las semillas hasta un 50.0%, y evaluar las alteraciones morfológicas y fisiológicas en plántulas de P. volubilis durante la primera generación. Se empleó un DCA simple con diferentes dosis (0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0% y 3.0%) de EMS en un solo tiempo de exposición (30 hrs.), más un control absoluto (semillas sin tratamiento), para evaluar la sensibilidad mutagénica de P. volubilis L.., considerando parámetros como porcentaje de emergencia, altura de planta, pérdida de dominancia apical, clorosis y deformación de las hojas. Los resultados mostraron que la dosis de 3.0% de EMS con 30 hrs. de exposición, redujo hasta un 50.0% la emergencia de plántulas, valor considerado como la dosis letal media (DL50) para P. volubilis. Así mismo, se evidenciaron alteraciones fenotípicas como deformación de hojas, clorosis, disminución de la altura y pérdida de dominancia apical con el incremento de dosis de EMS. Estos resultados demuestran el potencial del EMS para ser utilizados en semillas de sacha inchi con el objetivo de generar nuevas variantes genética de esta especie.
Diversity of Cucurbita moschata Duchesne (loche and cushé) and Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché (chiclayo) in Southern Amazonas, Perú
(USDA ARS U.S. Vegetable Laboratory, 2023-07-17) Gill, Elizabeth R.A.; Ogden, Andrew B.; Oliva Cruz, Segundo Manuel; Guerrero Abad, Juan Carlos
The National Institute for Agrarian Innovation (INIA) in Perú, among countless projects, maintains the Peruvian National Cucurbita spp. germplasm bank representing the remarkable Cucurbita spp. diversity in Perú. Prior to this project, the INIA Cucurbita collection covered much of the southern Perú Cucurbita spp. diversity but was lacking Cucurbita spp. samples from northern Perú. Therefore, the Fulbright Program funded this project to investigate and inventory the disappearing diversity of Cucurbita moschata and Cucurbita ficifolia in the Department of Amazonas, Perú. The collection focused on three landraces that belong to two different species (Table 1). The two C. moschata landraces are known in the Amazonas region as loche and cushé, whilst the C. ficifolia landrace is commonly known as chiclayo. Loche has a higher economic value and culinary influence, whilst cushé has a greater phenotypic diversity but is farmed on a smaller scale. All three, loche, cushé and chiclayo, show different physical, culinary, cultural, and geographic adaptations. The objectives of this project included:(a) collecting C. moschata and C. ficifolia samples from different districts in the Department of Amazonas, Perú for seed saving,(b) taking morphological data and photos of each collected sample for analysis, and (c) collecting cultural, historical, and culinary information.
Fungal Systematics and Evolution: FUSE 5
(Verlag Ferdinand Berger und Sohne GmbH, 2019-12-23) Corazon Guivin, Mike Anderson; Cerna Mendoza, Agustín; Guerrero Abad, Juan Carlos; Vallejos Tapullima, Adela; Carballar Hernández, Santos; Alves da Silva, Gladstone; Oehl, Fritz
Thirteen new species are formally described: Cortinarius brunneocarpus from Pakistan, C. lilacinoarmillatus from India, Curvularia khuzestanica on Atriplex lentiformis from Iran, Gloeocantharellus neoechinosporus from China, Laboulbenia bernaliana on species of Apenes, Apristus, and Philophuga (Coleoptera, Carabidae) from Nicaragua and Panama, L. oioveliicola on Oiovelia machadoi (Hemiptera, Veliidae) from Brazil, L. termiticola on Macrotermes subhyalinus (Blattodea, Termitidae) from the DR Congo, Pluteus cutefractus from Slovenia, Rhizoglomus variabile from Peru, Russula phloginea from China, Stagonosporopsis flacciduvarum on Vitis vinifera from Italy, Strobilomyces huangshanensis from China, Uromyces klotzschianus on Rumex dentatus subsp. klotzschianus from Pakistan. The following new records are reported: Alternaria calendulae on Calendula officinalis from India; A. tenuissima on apple and quince fruits from Iran; Candelariella oleaginescens from Turkey; Didymella americana and D. calidophila on Vitis vinifera from Italy; Lasiodiplodia theobromae causing tip blight of Dianella tasmanica ‘variegata’ from India; Marasmiellus subpruinosus from Madeira, Portugal, new for Macaronesia and Africa; Mycena albidolilacea, M. tenuispinosa, and M. xantholeuca from Russia; Neonectria neomacrospora on Madhuca longifolia from India; Nothophoma quercina on Vitis vinifera from Italy; Plagiosphaera immersa on Urtica dioica from Austria; Rinodina sicula from Turkey; Sphaerosporium lignatile from Wisconsin, USA; and Verrucaria murina from Turkey. Multi-locus analysis of ITS, LSU, rpb1, tef1 sequences revealed that P. immersa, commonly classified within Gnomoniaceae (Diaporthales) or as Sordariomycetes incertae sedis, belongs to Magnaporthaceae (Magnaporthales). Analysis of a six-locus Ascomycota-wide dataset including SSU and LSU sequences of S. lignatile revealed that this species, currently in Ascomycota incertae sedis, belongs to Pyronemataceae (Pezizomycetes, Pezizales).
Fungal Systematics and Evolution: FUSE 8
(Verlag Ferdinand Berger & Söhne GmbH, 2021-12-22) Lebeuf, Renée; Alexandrova, Alina V.; Cerna-Mendoza, Agustín; Corazon-Guivin, Mike Anderson; Alves da Silva, Gladstone; de la Sota-Ricaldi, Ana Maria; Dima, Bálint; Fryssouli, Vassiliki; Gkilas, Michael; Guerrero Abad, Juan Carlos; Lamoureux, Yves; Landry, Jacques; Mešic, Armin; Morozova, Olga V.; Evert Noordeloos, Machiel; Oehl, Fritz; Paul, André; Giang Pham, Thi Ha; Polemis, Elias; Monique Santos, Viviane; Yu Svetasheva, Tatyana; Tkalcec, Zdenko; Vallejos-Tapullima, Adela; Vila, Jordi; Zervakis, Georgios I.; Baral, Hans Otto; Bulyonkova, Tatiana; Kalinina, Lyudmila; Krisai-Greilhuber, Irmgard; Malysheva, Ekaterina; Myhrer, Johan; Pärtel, Kadri; Pennanen, Marja; Stallman, Jeffery K.; Haelewaters, Danny
In this 8th contribution to the Fungal Systematics and Evolution series published by Sydowia, the authors formally describe 11 species: Cortinarius caryae, C. flavolilacinus, C. lilaceolamellatus, C. malodorus, C. olivaceolamellatus, C. quercophilus, C. violaceoflavescens, C. viridicarneus, Entoloma meridionale (Agaricales), Hortiboletus rupicapreus (Boletales), and Paraglomus peruvianum (Paraglomerales). The following new country records are reported: Bolbitius callistus (Agaricales) from Russia and Hymenoscyphus equiseti (Helotiales) from Sweden. Hymenoscyphus equiseti is proposed as a new combination for Lanzia equiseti, based on ITS and LSU sequence data in combination with morphological study.
Funneliglomus, gen. nov., and Funneliglomus sanmartinensis, a new arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus from the Amazonia region in Peru
(Verlag Ferdinand Berger & Söhne, 2019-03-11) Corazon Guivin, Mike Anderson; Cerna Mendoza, Agustín; Guerrero Abad, Juan Carlos; Vallejos Tapullima, Adela; Carballar Hernández, Santos; Alves da Silva, Gladstone; Oehl, Fritz
A new arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus was found in agricultural field sites in the Amazonia lowlands of the Department San Martin, Perú. It was found up to 858 m above sea level in two plantations of the inka nut (also called ‚sacha inchi', Plukenetia volubilis), which was grown in mixed cultures together with Musa sp., Zea mays, Phaseolus vulgaris and Carica papaya. The fungus was propagated in bait cultures in a greenhouse on Sorghum sp., Brachiaria sp., Medicago sativa and Plukenetia volubilis as host plants. The fungus differentiates orange brown to dark orange brown, triple-layered spores, 93-151× 90-148 µm in diameter, terminally on funnel-shaped to rarely cylindrical or slightly inflating hyphae, and a strong, straight to slightly recurved septum that closes the spore pore at the spore base. Phylogenetically, the new fungus represents clearly a new genus in a separated clade, near to Funneliformis and Septoglomus. It can easily be distinguished from all other species of these genera by the characteristic ornamentation of the spore surface, which consists of multiple large, irregular pits. The fungus is here described under the epithet Funneliglomus sanmartinensis, serving as type species of the new genus Funneliglomus.
Global studies of cadmium in relation to Theobroma cacao: A bibliometric analysis from Scopus (1996 -2020)
(Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, 2021-12-15) García, Ligia; Angulo Castro, Fabio; Hernández Amasifuen, Angel David; Corazon Guivin, Mike Anderson; Alburquerque Vásquez, Javier; Guerrero Abad, Juan Carlos; Arellanos, Erick; Veneros, Jaris; Rojas Briceño, Nilton B.; Chavez Quintana, Segundo G.; Oliva Cruz, Manuel
En el año 2014, la Unión Europea impuso estándares máximos de tolerancia en cadmio, para la importación de productos a base de cacao, causando preocupación en los países. Se analizó estudios globales referidos a investigaciones en Theobroma cacao, relacionados con la actividad del cadmio en la atmósfera. Se utilizaron análisis bibliométricos en los programas R y VOSviewer, para examinar 64 documentos publicados en la base de datos Scopus según palabras clave. Se identificaron 811 palabras clave en coocurrencias de términos, 5 grupos temáticos en acoplamiento bibliográfico, 20 instituciones como afiliaciones más importantes, 20 países de procedencia de autores corresponsales, 112 instituciones en red de coautoría de los cuales 5 están en documentos primarios, y dos grupos en similaridad temática en co-citación de documentos. Estados Unidos lidera la producción científica con 11 documentos, seguido de Colombia (8) y Ecuador (7). En 1996 se registró el primer artículo científico para la red, con incrementos de hasta 11 publicaciones al 2020. En conclusión, se evidencia la necesidad de fortalecer y crear más redes de investigaciones entre países, instituciones, autores y coautores. Se espera que los resultados permitan desentrañar de manera integral la trayectoria de investigaciones cadmio-cacao, al tiempo que arrojen nuevas investigaciones prospectivas.
GUÍA PARA EL RECONOCIMIENTO DE ZONAS DE AGROBIODIVERSIDAD EN EL PERÚ
(Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, 2020-07-01) Sotomayor Melo, Diego Alejandro; Carrillo Castillo, Fredesvinda; Becerra Gallardo, Roger Alberto; Roldán Chávez, Agripina; Amasifuen Guerra, Carlos Alberto; Guerrero Abad, Juan Carlos
Con la finalidad de promover el reconocimiento de Zonas de Agrobiodiversidad a nivel nacional, y proporcionar información sobre el procedimiento para su reconocimiento, el INIA pone a disposición la Guía para el Reconocimiento de Zonas de Agrobiodiversidad en el Perú, a través de la cual damos a conocer de una forma didáctica y de fácil comprensión, los requisitos y pasos a seguir para alcanzar este reconocimiento. Se incluyen detalles sobre las condiciones y documentos necesarios para la postulación. Además, describimos los procedimientos de revisión de expedientes, damos un alcance sobre lo que ocurre luego del reconocimiento, y sobre los criterios que mantienen vigente tal reconocimiento. A través de este documento, también invitamos a las comunidades campesinas, poblaciones indígenas, Gobiernos Regionales y Locales, investigadores y profesionales agrarios, y al público en general, a fomentar el reconocimiento de la agrobiodiversidad peruana y la cultura milenaria asociada a ésta.
Guía para el Reconocimiento de Zonas de Agrobiodiversidad en el Perú, Segunda Edición, Bilingüe Español – Quechua
(Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, 2020-07) Sotomayor Melo, Diego Alejandro; Carrillo Castillo, Fredesvinda; Berrera Gallardo, Roger; Roldán Chávez, Agripina; Amasifuen Guerra, Carlos Alberto; Guerrero Abad, Juan Carlos
Con la finalidad de promover el reconocimiento de Zonas de Agrobiodiversidad a nivel nacional, y proporcionar información sobre el procedimiento para su reconocimiento, el INIA pone a disposición la Guía para el Reconocimiento de Zonas de Agrobiodiversidad en el Perú, a través de la cual damos a conocer de una forma didáctica y de fácil comprensión, los requisitos y pasos a seguir para alcanzar este reconocimiento. Se incluyen detalles sobre las condiciones y documentos necesarios para la postulación. Además, describimos los procedimientos de revisión de expedientes, damos un alcance sobre lo que ocurre luego del reconocimiento, y sobre los criterios que mantienen vigente tal reconocimiento. A través de este documento, también invitamos a las comunidades campesinas, poblaciones indígenas, Gobiernos Regionales y Locales, investigadores y profesionales agrarios, y al público en general, a fomentar el reconocimiento de la agrobiodiversidad peruana y la cultura milenaria asociada a ésta. [Quechua] Tiqsi suyukunapi riksirikuy Zonas de Agrobiodiversidad nisqa mirachinarayku, hinallataq ñan puriymanta riqsirikunampaq willakunarayku ima, INIA churan kay Rurana ñan pusaqta Zonas de Agrobiodiversidad nisqa hina Perú suyupi riqsirisqa kanapaq, maynintachus allimanta yuyaychamuyku, mañariykunamanta, ñam qhatipaykunamanta, kay riqsirikuy taripanapaq. Yaykunku imayna suyu qillqakuna ima kananta riksirikuy mañarikunapaq. Hinamampis, riqsichiyku imayna expediente técnico nisqap t’aqwirikusqanta, riqsirikusqa hamuqmanta, hinallataq imakunas hunt’akunan riqsirikuy kawsachkanallampaq imamanta. Kay qillqa mayt’unta, mink’arillaykutaq ayllukunaman, ñawpa ayllu masikunaman, suyu umalliqkunaman, llaqta suyu umalliqkunaman, t’aqwiriqkunaman, chakra purichiq yachaqkunaman, llapan runaman ima, riksirikuy agrobiodiversidad peruana nisqata ñawpa kawsay ima chayman tupasqaman hina kallpacharinankupaq.
Massive production of Hemileia vastatrix uredospores for infection of Coffea arabica seedlings
(Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, 2023-07-10) Hernández Amasifuen, Angel David; Rivadeneyra Chisquipama, Lenin; Padilla Dominguez, Amner; Paredes Espinosa, Richard; Guerrero Abad, Juan Carlos; Torres Flores, Elías; Peláez Rivera, Jorge Luis; Carvajal Vallejos, Fernando Marcelo; Gutiérrez Reynoso, Dina Lida; Corazon Guivin, Mike Anderson
Coffee leaf rust (Hemileia vastatrix) is the most important disease in coffee crops around the world. Currently, there is limited knowledge about mass production methodologies and ex-situ infection of H. vastatrix that lead to the development of different health characterization studies of Coffea or disease phenotyping. In this context, the aim of this research was to develop a simple protocol for the mass production of coffee rust uredospores under controlled conditions and to determine their infection in coffee seedlings. Uredospores of H. vastatrix were collected from infected plants in the “Chontal” coffee-growing area in San Martín, Peru. The viability of uredospore germination was evaluated, and a uredospores suspension (2 x 105 uredospores/mL) was prepared to inoculate coffee seedlings. Incidence and sporulation rates were evaluated after 43 days of inoculation. During the multiplication process of H. vastatrix uredospores, using controlled conditions (23±1 °C, ≈ 80% relative humidity and photoperiod of 16 hours of light) under an innovative system, the first symptoms of chlorosis were observed on coffee leaves 20 days after inoculation. Our findings show a 100% incidence of inoculated coffee plants with an average of 54 mg of H. vastatrix uredospores per plant and a 1.38 x 10-1 mg/cm2 sporulation rate. Finally, here we report a protocol that allows mass multiplication of H. vastatrix uredospores under controlled conditions, that would be useful in any time for coffee leaf rust bioassays.