Examinando por Autor "Cobos Ruiz, Marianela"

Mostrando 1 - 14 de 14

Aislamiento de ADN genómico de Myrciaria dubia (HBK) "camu camu" apropiado para análisis moleculares
(Universidad Científica del Perú, 2012-06-29) Castro Gómez, Juan Carlos; Cobos Ruiz, Marianela; Ramírez Saavedra, Roberson; Imán Correa, Sixto Alfredo
Myrciaria dubia “camu-camu”, una especie nativa de la Amazonía que produce frutos con alto contenido de vitamina C y otras sustancias importantes. Sin embargo, los estudios moleculares de esta planta son escasos, por falta de un protocolo reproducible para purificar sus ácidos nucléicos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue establecer un protocolo para aislar el ADN genómico a partir de hojas de M. dubia, apropiado para análisis moleculares. El ADN se purificó con un protocolo modificado, la calidad y cantidad se estimó por espectrofotometría y electroforesis en gel de agarosa. Adicionalmente, la calidad se evaluó mediante RAPD. El ratio de calidad (A260/A280) promedio del ADN fue 1.9±0.1 y el espectro de absorción UV/Vis presentó un único pico de máxima absorbancia a 260nm. Mediante electroforesis el ADN fue íntegro y sin ARN. También, la síntesis de amplicones RAPD nos sugiere ausencia de inhibidores para polimerasas. La concentración promedio del ADN fue 99±33 ng/ml y el rendimiento promedio fue 237±80 mg ADN/g hoja. En conclusión, se ha establecido un protocolo de aislamiento de ADN genómico a partir de hojas de Myrciaria dubia “camu camu”, caracterizado por permitirnos obtener ADN de alta calidad y cantidad suficiente para análisis moleculares como el RAPD.
Bioactive Compounds of Camu-Camu (Myrciaria dubia (Kunth) McVaugh)
(Hosakatte Niranjana Murthy, 2019-10-24) Castro Gómez, Juan Carlos; Maddox, J. Dylan; Cobos Ruiz, Marianela; Paredes, Jae D.; Marapara del Aguila, Jorge Luis; Braga, Janeth; Imán Correa, Sixto Alfredo; Rodríguez, Hicler N.; Castro, Carlos G.
Camu-camu is a shrub, native to the Amazon that thrives in areas where flooding is frequent. Genetically, the plant is characterized by a diploid genome and moderate genetic diversity. Several parts of the plant are used in traditional folk medicine to treat a variety of acute and chronic diseases. For over 50 years, the exceptionally high vitamin C content of camu-camu has attracted worldwide attention that continues today because of the recent discovery of several health-promoting phytochemicals with corroborated biological activities (e.g., antioxidant, anti-obesity, antidiabetic). All of these beneficial attributes are well supported by in vitro and in vivo studies as well as human clinical trials. The metabolic precursors of these phytochemicals are synthesized in key metabolic pathways (i.e., the shikimate pathway, the mevalonate pathway). Of these metabolic pathways, we show details for the biosynthesis of betulinic acid, trans-resveratrol, and syringic acid. In conclusion, camu-camu is an exceptional plant for its ability to produce and accumulate significant amounts of a variety of health-promoting phytochemicals. Although several metabolic pathways responsible for the biosynthesis of these phytochemicals have been reconstructed based on fruit and seedling transcriptomes, detailed knowledge of the vast majority of metabolic pathways and their molecular regulatory mechanisms is lacking. Consequently, we must increase our knowledge of the metabolic processes using multi-omic approaches so that we can acquire the skills necessary to develop genetically improved varieties of camu-camu and implement biotechnological applications for the production of these bioactive phytochemicals.
Clonación y filogenia molecular de un segmento del gen codante de la actina de Myrciaria dubia "camu camu": un candidato para gen de referencia
(Universidad Científica del Perú, 2012-12-28) Castro Gómez, Juan Carlos; Cobos Ruiz, Marianela; Egoavil Reátegui, Alina del Carmen; Ramírez Saavedra, Roberson; Imán Correa, Sixto Alfredo; Adrianzén Julca, Pedro M.; Marapara del Aguila, Jorge Luis
[ES] Myrciaria dubia “camu-camu” es un frutal amazónico caracterizado por su amplia variación de vitamina C. Pero los estudios genético moleculares que puedan explicar esta variación son limitados. Por ello nuestro objetivo fue realizar la clonación y filogenia molecular de un segmento del gen codante de la actina de M. dubia. Las muestras fueron obtenidas de la colección de germoplasma del INIA. Luego, el ARN fue purificado y mediante RT-PCR con cebadores degenerados se amplificó un segmento del gen. En base a la secuencia obtenida se diseñaron cebadores específicos para PCR en tiempo real. Los resultados muestran que se ha aislado, clonado y secuenciado un segmento del gen codante de actina de M. dubia y detectado su expresión en hojas, pulpa y cáscara de M. dubia. Así, con el soporte de herramientas bioinformáticas y uso de técnicas de biología molecular hemos aislado, clonado y secuenciado un segmento del gen codante de la actina de M. dubia. Asimismo, los análisis realizados muestran que el gen se expresa y presenta niveles similares de expresión en hojas, pulpa y cáscara de M. dubia. Sin embargo, es necesario realizar más experimentos a fin de verificar su estabilidad de expresión. ---- [EN] Myrciaria dubia “camu-camu” is an amazonian fruit tree characterized for its ample variation in vitamin C. But molecular genetic studies that explains this variation are limited. Hence our objective was to accomplish cloning and molecular phylogeny of the segment of actin coding gene from M. dubia. The samples were obtained from germoplasma's collection of the INIA. Next, the ARN was purified and by RT-PCR with degenerate primers was amplified a segment of the gene. After, on the basis of the sequence obtained, specific primers were designed for real time PCR. Results showed that was isolated, cloned and sequenced a segment of actin gene coding from M. dubia. Thus with the support of bioinformatics tools and molecular biology techniques we have isolated, cloned and sequenced a segment of actin coding gene from M. dubia. Additionally, analyses showed that the gene have similar expression levels in leaves, pulp and peel from M. dubia. However, it is necessary to realize more experiments in order to verify its expression stability.
Dataset of de novo assembly and functional annotation of the transcriptome during germination and initial growth of seedlings of Myrciaria Dubia “camu-camu”
(Elsevier, 2020-06-11) Castro Gómez, Juan Carlos; Maddox, J. Dylan; Rodríguez, Hicler N.; Castro, Carlos G.; Imán Correa, Sixto Alfredo; Cobos Ruiz, Marianela; Paredes, Jae D.; Marapara del Aguila, Jorge Luis; Braga, Janeth; Adrianzén Julca, Pedro M.
Myrciaria dubia “camu-camu” is a native shrub of the Amazon that is commonly found in areas that are flooded for three to four months during the annual hydrological cycle. This plant species is exceptional for its capacity to biosynthesize and accumulate important quantities of a variety of health-promoting phytochemicals, especially vitamin C [1], yet few genomic resources are available [2]. Here we provide the dataset of a de novo assembly and functional annotation of the transcriptome from a pool of samples obtained from seeds during the germination process and seedlings during the initial growth (until one month after germination). Total RNA/mRNA was purified from different types of plant materials (i.e., imbibited seeds, germinated seeds, and seedlings of one, two, three, and four weeks old), pooled in equimolar ratio to generate the cDNA library and RNA paired-end sequencing was conducted on an Illumina HiSeq™2500 platform. The transcriptome was de novo assembled using Trinity v2.9.1 and SuperTranscripts v2.9.1. A total of 21,161 transcripts were assembled ranging in size from 500 to 10,001 bp with a N50 value of 1,485 bp. Completeness of the assembly dataset was assessed using the Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs (BUSCO) software v2/v3. Finally, the assembled transcripts were functionally annotated using TransDecoder v3.0.1 and the web-based platforms Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) Automatic Annotation Server (KAAS), and FunctionAnnotator.
De novo assembly and functional annotation of Myrciaria dubia fruit transcriptome reveals multiple metabolic pathways for L-ascorbic acid biosynthesis
(BioMed Central, 2015-11-24) Castro Gómez, Juan Carlos; Maddox, J. Dylan; Cobos Ruiz, Marianela; Requena Anicama, David Ruben; Zimic Peralta, Mirko Juan; Bombarely Gomez, Aureliano; Imán Correa, Sixto Alfredo; Cerdeira Gutiérrez, Luis Alexander; Medina Bardales, Anderson E.
Myrciaria dubia is an Amazonian fruit shrub that produces numerous bioactive phytochemicals, but is best known by its high L-ascorbic acid (AsA) content in fruits. Pronounced variation in AsA content has been observed both within and among individuals, but the genetic factors responsible for this variation are largely unknown. The goals of this research, therefore, were to assemble, characterize, and annotate the fruit transcriptome of M. dubia in order to reconstruct metabolic pathways and determine if multiple pathways contribute to AsA biosynthesis.RESULTS: In total 24,551,882 high-quality sequence reads were de novo assembled into 70,048 unigenes (mean length = 1150 bp, N50 = 1775 bp). Assembled sequences were annotated using BLASTX against public databases such as TAIR, GR-protein, FB, MGI, RGD, ZFIN, SGN, WB, TIGR_CMR, and JCVI-CMR with 75.2 % of unigenes having annotations. Of the three core GO annotation categories, biological processes comprised 53.6 % of the total assigned annotations, whereas cellular components and molecular functions comprised 23.3 and 23.1 %, respectively. Based on the KEGG pathway assignment of the functionally annotated transcripts, five metabolic pathways for AsA biosynthesis were identified: animal-like pathway, myo-inositol pathway, L-gulose pathway, D-mannose/L-galactose pathway, and uronic acid pathway. All transcripts coding enzymes involved in the ascorbate-glutathione cycle were also identified. Finally, we used the assembly to identified 6314 genic microsatellites and 23,481 high quality SNPs. CONCLUSIONS: This study describes the first next-generation sequencing effort and transcriptome annotation of a non-model Amazonian plant that is relevant for AsA production and other bioactive phytochemicals. Genes encoding key enzymes were successfully identified and metabolic pathways involved in biosynthesis of AsA, anthocyanins, and other metabolic pathways have been reconstructed. The identification of these genes and pathways is in agreement with the empirically observed capability of M. dubia to synthesize and accumulate AsA and other important molecules, and adds to our current knowledge of the molecular biology and biochemistry of their production in plants. By providing insights into the mechanisms underpinning these metabolic processes, these results can be used to direct efforts to genetically manipulate this organism in order to enhance the production of these bioactive phytochemicals.The accumulation of AsA precursor and discovery of genes associated with their biosynthesis and metabolism in M. dubia is intriguing and worthy of further investigation. The sequences and pathways produced here present the genetic framework required for further studies. Quantitative transcriptomics in concert with studies of the genome, proteome, and metabolome under conditions that stimulate production and accumulation of AsA and their precursors are needed to provide a more comprehensive view of how these pathways for AsA metabolism are regulated and linked in this species.
La expresión y actividad catalítica diferencial de GDP-manosa pirofosforilasa influye en la producción de vitamina C en Myrciaria dubia “camu-camu”
(Universidad Científica del Perú, 2013-12-30) Castro Gómez, Juan Carlos; Cobos Ruiz, Marianela; Gutiérrez Rodríguez, Freddy; Imán Correa, Sixto Alfredo
[ES] Myrciaria dubia muestra una amplia variación en la producción de vitamina C (vit.C). Para entender las bases moleculares de esta variación, se determinó la relación del nivel de expresión genética y actividad de GDPManosa pirofosforilasa (GMP) con la variación del contenido de vit.C en M. dubia. Las muestras fueron obtenidas de una colección de germoplasma. La vit.C se cuantificó por HPLC, la actividad de GMP se midió por espectrofotometría. El ARN se purificó, el ADNc se sintetizó, amplificó, clonó y secuenció con técnicas estándares. La expresión del gen se midió mediante PCR en tiempo real. Las diferencias en el contenido de vit.C de las hojas, pulpa y cáscara dependieron de la expresión y actividad de GMP. Esta relación también se observó entre plantas que producen frutos con bajo y alto contenido de vit.C. En conclusión, Las hojas, pulpa y cáscara de M. dubia muestran diferencias significativas en el contenido de vit.C, el cual se atribuye a la expresión y actividad catalítica diferencial de la GMP. Asimismo, las plantas que producen frutos con diferencias marcadas en el contenido de vit.C en sus pulpas, también dependen del nivel de expresión y actividad catalítica de esta enzima.--- [EN] Myrciaria dubia shows a wide variation in the content of vitamin C (vit.C). To understand the molecular basis of this variation, was determined the relation of the gene expression level and activity of GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase (GMP) with the variation of vit.C in M. dubia. Samples were obtained from a germplasm collection. Vit.C was quantified by HPLC, enzyme activity was measured by spectrophotometry. RNA was purified, cDNA was synthesized, amplified, cloned and sequenced by standard techniques. Gene expression was measured by real time PCR. Differences in vit.C content among leaves, pulp and flesh depended on the gene expression and GMP enzymatic activity. This connection was also observed between plants producing fruits with low and high vit.C content in pulp. In conclusion, leaves, pulp and peel of M. dubia show significant differences in vit.C content, which is attributed to GMP differential expression and catalytic activity. Likewise, plants that produce fruits with marked differences in vit.C content in their pulp, also depend on gene expression level and catalytic activity of this enzyme.
Fluctuación diurna del contenido de vitamina C en hojas de Myrciaria dubia “camu camu”
(Universidad Científica del Perú, 2013-12-30) Correa Meléndez, Franz; Cobos Ruiz, Marianela; Ramírez Saavedra, Roberson; Imán Correa, Sixto Alfredo; Castro Gómez, Juan Carlos
[ES] Myrciaria dubia “camu camu” es un frutal del trópico amazónico caracterizado por sus frutos con gran contenido de vitamina C, siendo considerado un producto importante del país. Sin embargo, hay pocos reportes sobre el metabolismo y transporte de vitamina C en esta especie. El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar la fluctuación diurna del contenido de vitamina C en hojas de M. dubia “camu camu”. Las hojas se colectaron de la colección de germoplasma de “camu camu” del INIA a las 2, 6, 10, 14, 18 y 22 horas; de cuatro plantas y en tres fechas diferentes. La vitamina C fue extraída de las hojas con un método estandarizado en el laboratorio y se cuantificó mediante espectrofotometría a 530nm, previa reacción con 2,6-diclorofenolindofenol. Los resultados muestran que el contenido de vitamina C de las hojas de “camu camu” fue en promedio 231±35 mg vitamina C/100g de hoja. Además, el contenido de vitamina C en las hojas del “camu camu” mostró fluctuación diurna, siendo menor a las 6 horas y mayor a las 2 y 14 horas del día. También, se registraron concentraciones intermedias en horas de menor o ausencia de radiación solar (235±17 y 237±35 mg vitamina C/100g de hoja a las 18 y 22 horas respectivamente). Se concluye que existe alto contenido de vitamina C en las hojas del “camu camu” y que este contenido presenta fluctuación diurna.--- [EN] Myrciaria dubia "camu camu" is a fruit of Amazonian tropics characterized by high content of vitamin C, being considered a important product of the country. However, there are few reports on the metabolism and transport of vitamin C in this species. The research objective was to determine the diurnal fluctuation of vitamin C in leaves of M. dubia "camu camu". Leaves were collected from the germplasm collection of "camu camu" from INIA at 2, 6, 10, 14, 18 and 22 hours, from four plants and three different dates. Vitamin C was extracted from leaves with a standardized method in the laboratory and quantified by spectrophotometry at 530nm, after reaction with 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol. Results show that vitamin C content of leaves of "camu camu" averaged 231±35 mg vitamin C/100g of leaves. In addition, vitamin C content in the leaves of "camu camu" showed diurnal fluctuation, being lower at 6 h and increased at 2 and 14 hours of day. Also, were recorded intermediate concentrations in hours with lower or absence of solar radiation (235±17 and 237±35 mg vitamin C/100g of leaves at 18 and 22 hours respectively). In conclusion, there is a high vitamin C content in leaves of "camu camu" and this content has diurnal fluctuation.
Gene expression and enzyme activities of the D-mannose/L-galactose pathway influence L-ascorbic acid content in Myrciaria dubia
(Springer Nature, 2015-12-01) Castro Gómez, Juan Carlos; Cobos Ruiz, Marianela; Maddox, J. Dylan; Imán Correa, Sixto Alfredo; Egoavil Reátegui, Alina del Carmen; Torres, Juan; Gutierrez, F.
The aim of this work was to elucidate the molecular and biochemical mechanisms that control L-ascorbic acid (AsA) content variation in Myrciaria dubia. The AsA was quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography, gene expression by real-time quantitative PCR, and enzyme activities by spectrophotometric methods from leaves and immature fruits of two genotypes (Md-60,06 and Md-02,04) with pronounced (about 2 times) differences in the AsA content. In either genotype, the fruit peel had ∼ 1.5 times more AsA than the fruit pulp and ∼ 15.0 times more than the leaf. All tissues examined demonstrated the capability for AsA biosynthesis through the D-mannose/L-galactose pathway because mRNAs of the six key genes [GDP-D-mannose pyrophosphorylase (GMP), GDP-D-mannose-3′,5′-epimerase (GME), GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase (GGP), L-galactose-1-phosphate phosphatase (GPP), L-galactose dehydrogenase (GDH), and L-galactono-1-4-lactone dehydrogenase (GLDH)] and catalytic activities of the corresponding enzymes (GMP, GDH, and GLDH) were detected. The differential expressions of genes and enzyme activities mostly correlated with the respective AsA content. Thus, the expression of several genes of the D-mannose/L-galactose pathway determined the AsA content variation in tissues of M. dubia.
Inducción de la biosíntesis local de antocianinas en frutos de Myrciaria dubia mediante lesiones mecánicas
(Universidad Científica del Perú, 2014-12-30) Motta Santillán, Daniel Edgar; Torrejón Dávila, Hernán Pierr; Tello Ruíz, Ligia Beatriz; Marapara del Aguila, Jorge Luis; Cobos Ruiz, Marianela; Imán Correa, Sixto Alfredo; Castro Gómez, Juan Carlos
En las plantas las antocianinas cumplen roles fundamentales en sus interacciones con el medio ambiente, son una de las líneas de defensa contra los radicales libres, la radiación ultravioleta y el ataque de patógenos. Observaciones realizadas muestran que los frutos de M. dubia acumulan antocianinas alrededor de lesiones mecánicas probablemente causadas por insectos. Por tanto, hemos probado la hipótesis que produciendo lesiones mecánicas en frutos verdes de M. dubia se induce la biosíntesis local de antocianinas. De tres plantas en fructificación de la colección de germoplasma del INIA se seleccionaron aleatoriamente 40 frutos verdes (25 ± 5 mm de Ø) y se causaron lesiones mecánicas con estilete o bisturí al 75% de ellos. Posteriormente, se registró el porcentaje de acumulación de antocianinas por área superficial del fruto a las 0, 24, 48 y 72 horas. Se observó acumulación de antocianinas en ~10% (24 horas), ~30% (48 horas) y ~70% (72 horas) del área superficial de los frutos. En conclusión, las lesiones mecánicas causadas en frutos de M. dubia inducen la biosíntesis local de antocianinas, probablemente como un mecanismo de defensa efectivo desarrollado por esta especie. La comprensión de los mecanismos moleculares implicados en esta respuesta fisiológica nos permitirá establecer las bases para la mejora genética de esta especie.
Isolation and molecular cloning of genes from Myrciaria dubia “camu-camu” with potential use for biotechnological production of vitamin C
(Society for Biology and Biotechnology, 2016-11-03) Castro Gómez, Juan Carlos; Cobos Ruiz, Marianela; Maddox, J. Dylan; Imán Correa, Sixto Alfredo; Marapara del Aguila, Jorge Luis
Myrciaria dubia “camu-camu” is a rich source of several bioactive phytochemicals and vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid, AsA). To gain insights about the genes involved in AsA biosynthesis in this plant species and consequently with potential use for its biotechnological production, here we report the isolation and molecular cloning of partial gene sequences of the D-mannose/L-galactose pathway. Degenerate primers designed by the multiple sequence alignment of related plant species were used to isolate in M. dubia the partial sequences of the six D-mannose/L-galactose pathway genes (GMP, GME, GGP, GPP, GDH and GLDH). The deduced protein sequences of the six genes have more than 81% sequence identity to rosids and asterids species, with a closer phylogenetic relationship to Eucalyptus grandis. In conclusion, gene sequences of the D-mannose/L-galactose pathway involved in AsA biosynthesis of M. dubia were successfully isolated and cloned and the phylogenetic analysis indicated that these genes have been relatively well conserved throughout of plant evolution, reflecting the importance of the enzymes of this metabolic pathway for plant growth and survival. Additionally, the isolation and cloning of these genes allow us to implement systems for biotechnological production of AsA.
Un método eficiente para la inducción de callos in vitro en Myrciaria dubia (Kunth) Mc Vaugh "Camu Camu"
(Universidad Nacional de Trujillo. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, 2014-04-03) Córdova López, Ana M.; Cobos Ruiz, Marianela; Imán Correa, Sixto Alfredo; Castro Gómez, Juan Carlos
[ES] Debido a la alta variabilidad en la producción de vitamina C en Myrciaria dubia "camu camu", es necesario establecer procedimientos biotecnológicos para la propagación clonal masiva de genotipos promisorios de esta especie. El objetivo fue establecer un método eficiente para inducir la formación de callos in vitro a partir de explantes de M. dubia. Los explantes de hojas y nudos se obtuvieron de ramas cultivadas en el laboratorio y la pulpa a partir de frutos colectados en el campo. Estos fueron desinfectados y sembrados en medio Murashige-Skoog (1962) suplementado con ácido 2,4-diclorofenoxiacético (2,4-D), bencilaminopurina (BAP) y kinetina (Kin). Los cultivos fueron mantenidos a 25±2°C, en oscuridad por 2 semanas y posteriormente con un fotoperiodo de 16 horas luz y 8 horas de oscuridad por 6 semanas. El tratamiento con 2 mg/L de 2,4-D y 0,1 mg/L de BAP estimuló mayor callogénesis en los tres tipos de explantes. Los callos se generaron a partir de la primera semana (nudos), cuarta semana (hojas) y sexta semana (pulpa) y estos fueron friables (hojas y nudos) y no friables (pulpa). En conclusión, el método descrito es eficiente para inducir callos in vitro en hojas, nudos y pulpa de M. dubia, siendo los explantes de hojas y nudos los más idóneos para la obtención de callos.--- [EN] Due to the high variability in vitamin C production in Myrciaria dubia "camu camu", biotechnological procedures are necessary for mass clonal propagation of promising genotypes of this species. The aim was to establish an efficient method for in vitro callus induction from explants of M. dubia. Leaf and knot sex plants were obtained from branches grown in the laboratory and from fruit pulp collected in the field. These were desinfected and sown on Murashige-Skoog (1962) medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), benzylaminopurine (BAP) and kinetin(Kin). The cultures were maintained at 25±2°C in darkness for 2 weeks and subsequently with a photoperiod of 16 hours in light and 8 hours in dark for 6 weeks. Treatment with 2 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.1 mg/L BAP allowed major callus formation in the three types of explants. Calluswere generated from the first week (knots), fourth week (leaves) and sixth week (pulp) and these were friable (leaves and nodes) and non-friable (pulp). In conclusion, the described method is efficient for in vitro callus induction in leaves, knots and pulp of M. dubia, been leaves and knots explants more suitable for callus obtention.
Myrciaria dubia “Camu Camu” Fruit: Health-Promoting Phytochemicals and Functional Genomic Characteristics
(IntechOpen, 2018-06-13) Castro Gómez, Juan Carlos; Maddox, J. Dylan; Cobos Ruiz, Marianela; Imán Correa, Sixto Alfredo
Camu camu is a typical Amazon native fruit shrub that possesses a diploid genome, moderate genetic diversity, and population structure. The fruits accumulate several essential nutrients and synthesize L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in great quantities and an array of diverse secondary metabolites with corroborated in vitro and in vivo health-promoting activities. These beneficial effects include antioxidative and antiinflammatory activities, antiobesity, hypolipidemic, antihypertensive and antidiabetic effects, DNA damage and cancer protection effects, and other bioactivities. Many health-promoting phytochemicals are biosynthesized in several metabolic pathways of camu camu. Their reconstruction from the fruit transcriptome database was accomplished by our research group. These include basic metabolic pathways such as glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway, vitamin C biosynthesis pathways, and pathways involved in secondary metabolites production. Due to their agronomic potential and fruits growing demand, recently, based on an ideotype, programs were initiated for their domestication and genetic improvement, but so far with very negligible achievements. Consequently, we propose new strategies to accelerate the processes of domestication and genetic improvement based on state of the art technologies for multiomic data analysis and innovative molecular tools.
Semillas y plántulas de Myrciaria dubia “camu-camu”: biometría, germinación y crecimiento inicial
(Universidad Nacional de Trujillo. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, 2014-07-05) Medina Bardales, Anderson E.; Córdova Pisco, Evelyn; Fasabi Flores, Anthony; Rodríguez Mashacuri, Napoleón; Cobos Ruiz, Marianela; Imán Correa, Sixto Alfredo; Castro Gómez, Juan Carlos
[ES] Los objetivos planteados fueron determinar la biometría de las semillas, registrar la respiración celular en el proceso de imbibición, evaluar el efecto inductor de la germinación de compuestos químicos y analizar el crecimiento inicial. La respiración celular durante la imbibición se midió por reducción del azul de metileno y del Janus Green B. El efecto inductor de la germinación de cinco compuestos químicos fue evaluado. El crecimiento inicial se registró con estereoscopio. Los resultados mostraron que las semillas tienen en promedio un peso de 520±172 mg, largo de 13,50±1,76 mm, ancho de 10,61±1,14 mm y espesor de 4,68±0,62 mm. Estas variables mostraron correlaciones significativas (r de 0,494 a 0,897 y p < 0,001). Las semillas fueron metabólicamente activas durante la imbibición, el cual se evidenció por la reducción de ambos aceptores electrónicos. El nitrito de sodio y el cianuro de potasio indujeron la germinación de las semillas en >90% y 65% respectivamente. El crecimiento hasta plántula constó de seis etapas y ocurrió en un periodo de 22 días después del brote de la radícula. En conclusión, las semillas de M. dubia muestran una amplia variación en sus datos biométricos (peso, largo, ancho y espesor), pero muestran correlaciones significativas entre sí. Asimismo, las semillas son metabólicamente activas en el proceso de imbibición y su germinación es inducida por el nitrito de sodio y el cianuro de potasio. Además, el crecimiento inicial hasta plántula ocurre en un periodo de 22 días después del brote de la radícula y consta de seis etapas bien diferenciadas.--- [EN] The objectives were to determine seed biometrics, recording cellular respiration in the imbibition process, evaluate the effect of inducing chemicals in germination and early growth analysis. Cellular respiration during imbibition was measured by reduction of methylene blue and Janus Green B. The inductor effect of five chemical compounds in germination was evaluated. Initial growth was recorded by stereoscopic. Results showed that the seeds have an average weight of 520 ± 172 mg, length of 13.50 ± 1.76 mm, width of 10.61 ± 1.14 mm, and thickness of 4.68 ± 0 62 mm. These variables showed significant correlations (r of 0.494 to 0.897 and p <0.001). Seeds were metabolically active during imbibition, which was evidenced by reduction of both electronic acceptors. Sodium nitrite and potassium cyanide induced germination of seeds in >90% and 65% respectively. Seedling initial growth consisted of six stages and occurred over a period of 22 days after radicle emergence. In conclusion, M. dubia seeds show wide variation in their biometrics (weight, length, width and thickness), but show significant correlations with each other. Likewise, seeds are metabolically active in imbibition process, and germination is induced by sodium nitrite and potassium cyanide. Furthermore, seedling initial growth to occur over a period of 22 days after emergence of the radicle and consists of six distinct stages.
Variación del contenido de vitamina C y antocianinas en Myrciaria dubia “Camu Camu”.
(Sociedad Química del Perú, 2013-11-13) Castro Gómez, Juan Carlos; Gutiérrez Rodríguez, Freddy; Acuña Amaral, Cinthya; Cerdeira Gutiérrez, Luis Alexander; Tapullima Pacaya, Alex; Cobos Ruiz, Marianela; Imán Correa, Sixto Alfredo
Myrciaria dubia es un arbusto amazónico que produce varios compuestos nutritivos y bioactivos. Esta investigación se realizó para ampliar el conocimiento relacionado a la vitamina C y antocianinas. Las muestras fueron obtenidas de la Colección de Germoplasma del INIA. La vitamina C y las antocianinas se analizaron con técnicas estándares. El contenido de vitamina C mostró una amplia variación y gradientes de concentración con diferencias significativas en frutos verdes (F = 36, gl = 3, p < 0,001) y maduros (F = 42, gl = 3, p < 0,001). También, las antocianinas totales presentaron una amplia variación y gradientes de concentración muy marcadas en los frutos maduros (F = 34, gl = 3, p < 0,001). Estas diferencias se debieron primariamente entre el contenido de vitamina C y antocianinas de la cáscara y las demás partes del fruto (p < 0,01). Asimismo, se registró correlaciones positivas en el contenido de vitamina C y antocianinas. Adicionalmente, ambos compuestos se detectaron en diferentes tejidos en los procesos de germinación y crecimiento inicial. En conclusión, M. dubia presenta una amplia variación en el contenido de vitamina C y antocianinas en sus frutos, principalmente por la influencia de factores genéticos. También, ambos compuestos tienen gradientes de concentración desde la cáscara hasta el centro de frutos verdes (excepto las antocianinas) y maduros. Además, en los frutos maduros existe correlación positiva entre el contenido de vitamina C y antocianinas de la cáscara y la pulpa en contacto con ésta. Adicionalmente, la vitamina C y las antocianinas, particularmente la cianidina-3-glucósido, son sintetizadas en el proceso de germinación y crecimiento inicial.