Examinando por Autor "Apaza Mamani, Vidal"

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Catálogo de variedades comerciales de quinua en el Perú
(Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria - INIA, 2013-10) Apaza Mamani, Vidal; Cáceres Sanizo, Gladys; Estrada Zúniga, Rigoberto; Pinedo Taco, Rember Emilio
Presenta la descripción y caracterización de las variedades comerciales de mayor uso en las zonas tradicionales y las consideradas potenciales en el Perú. Incluye una breve revisión bibliográfica, la descripción de datos generales para identificar la variedad, lugar y año de liberación, datos del obtentor y mantenedor, así como el método de mejoramiento, información sobre su adaptación y principales usos. Asimismo, incluye una sección para la identificación y diferenciación con la descripción morfológica de cada variedad, con información sobre el tipo y hábito de crecimiento, ciclo vegetativo, altura de planta y rendimiento. Igualmente las características de tallo, hoja, panoja, tamaño, color y forma de los granos basados en los Descriptores para Quinua y sus Parientes Silvestres publicado por Bioversity Internacional y la FAO (2013). Finalmente presenta información sobre la caracterización de la fenología, reacción a factores bióticos y abióticos, así como características bromatológicas y contenido de saponina de este extraordinario grano andino.
Comportamiento agronómico de 81 genotipos de quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) en el Perú
(Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, 2022-02-21) Estrada Zúniga, Rigoberto; Apaza Mamani, Vidal; Pérez Ávila, Ángel Agustin; Altamirano Pérez, Ana María; Neyra Valdez, Edgar; Bobadilla Rivera, Leidy
La quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) es consumida a nivel mundial debido a su composición nutricional. Es importante conocer las características agronómicas que se ven influenciadas por las condiciones edafoclimáticas y evaluar el comportamiento agronómico de 81 genotipos de quinua del Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA) sembradas en las localidades de Cusco, Puno, Ayacucho y Junín, bajo un diseño experimental de bloques completos al azar, con tres repeticiones. Se evaluaron las variables: altura de planta, diámetro de panoja, longitud de panoja, rendimiento, severidad de infección de mildiu (Peronospora farinosa) e índice de selección (IS), en siembras del 2017 y 2018. La comparación de medias se realizó mediante la prueba de Tukey, análisis de conglomerados, componentes principales, correlación de Pearson y la evaluación del índice de selección para identificar la adaptación de los genotipos. Los resultados mostraron que la siembra del 2018 tuvo los mayores rendimientos. El análisis de conglomerados encontró la formación de tres grupos, donde el grupo tres mostró las mejores características en rendimiento, altura de planta, diámetro y longitud de panoja. El análisis de componentes principales mostró correlaciones positivas entre variables altura de planta, diámetro y longitud de panoja. Más del 45% de los tratamientos mostraron un índice de selección mayor a uno y se identificaron 16 genotipos con nivel bajo de severidad de infección a mildiu. Las localidades de Cusco y Puno reportaron el mejor comportamiento agronómico para los 81 genotipos.
From neglect to limelight: Issues, methods and approaches in enhancing sustainable conservation and use of Andean grains in Bolivia and Peru
(kassel university press GmbH, 2009-01-31) Rojas, Wilfredo; Valdivia, Roberto; Padulosi, Stefano; Pinto, Milton; Soto, José Luis; Alcócer, Elsa; Guzmán, Lorena; Estrada Zúniga, Rigoberto; Apaza Mamani, Vidal; Bravo, Rosario
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), cañihua (C. pallidicaule Aellen) and amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus L.) are staple crops for millions of people in the Andes (NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL 1989, HOLLE 1991, JACOBSEN et al. 2003). Their nutritional content (high quality proteins and good micronutrient profile), hardiness, good adaptability to environmental stresses, versatility in use, and rich associated food culture and traditions are among the reasons for their widespread use by the native civilizations of the Andes over millennia. The role of these species as a staple food has however dramatically changed in the last fifteen years due to their poor economic competitiveness with commodity cereal crops, lack of improved varieties or enhanced cultivation practices, drudgery in processing and value addition, disorganized or non-existent market chains as well as a negative image as “food of the poor” (QUEROL 1988, TAPIA et al. 1992, PADULOSI et al. 2003). Less nutritious, but more practical and trendier products made of wheat, maize and rice have been replacing Andean grains in the diets of millions of people across Bolivia, Peru and Ecuador, countries whose history has been intimately linked to the domestication and use of these ancient crops (PEARSALL 1992). The reduced use of Andean grains has been accompanied by the loss of their genetic diversity with important, albeit less obvious, repercussions for the livelihoods of Andean communities in terms of reduced sustainability and resilience of local agricultural systems, wasted opportunities for improving food and nutrition security, impoverishment of local cultures resulting in reduced self esteem and identity of people (BRESSANI, 1993, KRALJEVIC 2006). As with minor millets in South Asia or leafy vegetables in sub-Saharan Africa (ONIANG’O et al., 2006), the case of Andean grains is representative of the limits of the Green Revolution approach, which concentrated its efforts on global commodity crops, missing out hundreds of other valuable species of regional or local importance and of great value to people’s livelihoods (PADULOSI 2008). The recognition that agricultural biodiversity is a strategic asset in people’s lives has promoted over the last fifteen years or so, the rediscovery of those so-called neglected and underutilized species (NUS) crops which, as in the case of Andean grains, have for too long faced marginalization from the Research and Development sector, which has not supported their continued and effective use (PADULOSI and HOESCHLE-ZELEDON 2008). Several projects and collaborative research frameworks at national and international level have been launched in support of NUS, contributing to a re-focussing of needed and deserved attention on these ‘forgotten crops’. To that end, an important role in demonstrating the value of NUS and the development of best practices, methodologies and tools for their use enhancement is being played by the ‘IFAD-NUS Project’, the first UN-supported global effort dedicated solely to the use enhancement of NUS, including quinoa, cañihua and amaranth, tackled through international participatory, multi-stakeholder and multi-disciplinary efforts. This article reports on the work implemented by the project in Bolivia and Peru over the last seven years, highlighting significant approaches, experiences and outputs as well as challenges and experiences during the implementation of the project, which could be valuable lessons for other similar endeavors in support of NUS.
Participatory breeding in the Peruvian highlands: Opportunities and challenges for promoting conservation and sustainable use of underutilized crops
(Cambrigde University, 2014-05-13) Galluzi, Gea; Estrada Zúniga, Rigoberto; Apaza Mamani, Vidal; Gamarra, Mirihan; Altamirano Pérez, Ana María; Cáceres Sanizo, Gladys; Gonza Cusipuma, Víctor Antonio; Sevilla Panizo, Ricardo; López Noriega, Isabel; Jäger, Matthias
Underutilized crops tend to harbor high levels of genetic diversity, be maintained on-farm in small-scale farming systems and be relatively neglected by formal research and development strategies, including breeding programs. While high genetic variability allows these crops to adapt to marginal environments, inappropriate management practices and reductions in population sizes in individual farmers’ plots may lead to productivity loss and poor harvests. This situation further limits their cultivation and use, notwithstanding the potential these crops may hold for diversification of agricultural systems, food security and market development. Peru hosts a wealth of native agrobiodiversity, which includes many underutilized crops. To improve their performance and promote their continued conservation and use, a participatory breeding program was developed on five underutilized crops of the Peruvian highlands; the breeding approach, based on a combination of evolutionary and participatory methods, is designed to achieve a balance between yield improvement and maintenance of genetic diversity. Preliminary results in quinoa and amaranth are encouraging, fostering further engagement of farmers by increasing availability of quality seed for downstream uses. However, methodological, financial and institutional issues need to be addressed for the effort to be expanded and upscaled. This paper provides an overall description of the initiative as well as a discussion on early results obtained in quinoa and amaranth, highlighting those aspects that make this approach particularly relevant for minor crops and identifying the opportunities and challenges for the initiative to move forward.