Ccopi Trucios, DennisRequena Rojas, Edilson JimmyArias Arredondo, AlbertoTaipe Crispin, MaglorioMarcelo Matero, Jhonny DemisPizarro Carcausto, Samuel Edwin2025-11-122025-11-122025-09-29Ccopi, D., Requena-Rojas, E., Arias-Arredondo, A., Taipe, M., Marcelo, J., & Pizarro, S. (2025). Yield estimation based on agronomic traits in vegetables under different biochar levels. Scientia Horticulturae, 352, 114425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2025.1144251879-1018http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12955/2935Biochar, a carbon-rich material produced through oxygen-limited pyrolysis of organic biomass, demonstrates exceptional potential as a soil amendment due to its porous structure and stability. This research investigated the impact of guinea pig manure biochar on three vegetable species cultivated in high Andean conditions: spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), cabbage (Brassica oleracea var.), and chard (Beta vulgaris var.). The study implemented four biochar application rates (0, 10, 20, and 30 t/ha) and measured comprehensive agronomic parameters including leaf count, leaf length, and fresh/dry biomass of both leaves and roots. Simultaneously, UAV-captured multispectral imagery provided spectral indices that were integrated with agronomic data into machine learning models: linear regression, support vector machines (SVM), and regression trees (CART). Results demonstrated significant vegetative growth enhancement and yield increases across all crops, with the 30 t ha-1 application rate producing optimal outcomes. Predictive modeling exhibited remarkable accuracy: spinach analysis via SVM achieved R² = 0.94 and RMSE = 0.32 g; chard analysis through CART delivered R² = 0.92 and RMSE = 0.35 g; and cabbage assessment using CART yielded R² = 0.91 and RMSE = 0.38 g. This research substantiates biochar’s effectiveness as an organic amendment while establishing a reliable framework for crop yield prediction using machine learning algorithms integrated with spectral data. These findings position biochar as a valuable component in sustainable agricultural systems, particularly for vegetable production in challenging high-altitude environments.application/pdfenginfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/BiocharVegetablesMachine learningSpectral índicesSustainable agriculturaYield predictionBiocarbónHortalizasAprendizaje automáticoÍndices espectralesAgricultura sosteniblePredicción de rendimiento.info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttps://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#4.01.01https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114425Espinaca; Basella alba; Repollo; Cabbages; Acelga; Chard; Rendimiento de cultivos; Crop yield; Región andina; Andean region