Agroind. sci. 10(3): 307 - 309 (2020) Escuela de Ingeniería Agroindustrial Science Agroindustrial Website: http://revistas.unitru.edu.pe/index.php/agroindscience Universidad Nacional de Trujillo Nutritional and energy value of Vicia sativa pods Valor nutricional y valor energético de vainas de Vicia sativa Flor-Anita Corredor 1, * , Jorge F. Passuni 1 ; E. Ciria Noli 1 ; Rosario M. Bernaola-Paucar 1 1 Estación Experimental Agraria Santa Ana, Dirección de Desarrollo Tecnológico Agrario, Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, Huancayo, Junín 12007, Perú. ABSTRACT Vicia sativa is one of the most important crops for livestock feed. Pods from Vicia sativa seed production are usually discarded. The objective of this study was to report the nutritional value of Vicia sativa pods. Report of the bromatological analysis was 17.58% for crude protein, 44.96% for neutral detergent fiber, and 55.81% for in vitro dry matter digestibility. Estimates of the energy value on dry matter basis (Mcal kg–1) were made for digestible and metabolizable energy, with values of 2.46 and 2.01, respectively. Vicia sativa pods promise enormous potential as a protein supplement on livestock diets when other sources are not available. Keywords: harvest residues; pods; chemical composition. RESUMEN Vicia sativa es uno de los cultivos más importantes para la alimentación del ganado. Las vainas de la producción de semillas de Vicia sativa generalmente se descartan. El objetivo de este estudio fue informar el valor nutricional de las vainas de Vicia sativa. El reporte del análisis bromatológico fue de 17,58% para proteína cruda, 44,96% para fibra detergente neutra y 55,81% para digestibilidad in vitro de materia seca. Se realizaron estimaciones del valor energético sobre la base de materia seca (Mcal kg–1) para la energía digestible y metabolizable, con valores de 2,46 y 2,01, respectivamente. Las vainas de Vicia sativa prometen un enorme potencial como suplemento proteico en la dieta del ganado cuando no se dispone de otras fuentes. Palabras clave: residuos de cosecha; vainas; composición química. 1. Introduction Multiple studies had evaluated the use of Vicia sativa as a hay or mixed with other forage in cattle, Vicia sativa is an important legume cultivated sheep, and goats (Weber et al., 1997; Berhane worldwide as forage (Huang et al., 2017). The and Eik, 2006; Lanyasunya et al., 2007). For genus is originated from the arid regions of the instance, in cattle, Weber et al. (1997) showed Middle East, though, it is extensively spread in greater in vitro digestibility and live weight gain in America continent through the temperate zones diets that included Vicia sativa. In sheep, (Francis et al., 2000). Its cultivation is more cost- Lanyasunya et al. (2007) concluded that Vicia effective as it does not require the application of sativa hay used as a protein supplement in intensive nitrogen fertilizers to the fields (Bevz and Sorghum almum control diets improved daily Toshkina, 2020). In the Peruvian highlands, the weight gain and dry matter (DM) consumption. In availability of forage for livestock decreased during goats, Berhane and Eik (2006) reported greater the dry (lack of rain) season. Extensive animal live weight gains in dams and offspring, when production under the traditional grazing system including Vicia sativa hay supplementation on suffer nutritional deficiencies, for instance, diets, also, a higher number of dams were able to decreased in milk production and weight loss. sustain pregnancy during the dry season. In Recibido 3 noviembre 2020 *Autor correspondiente: corredor@alumni.iastate.edu (F-A. Corredor) Aceptado 15 diciembre 2020 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17268/agroind.sci.2020.03.13 - 307 - F-A. Corredor et al. / Agroind. sci. 10(3): 307 - 309 (2020) general, these previous studies showed that Vicia 18%, which are similar to our results. While Huang sativa is an important food source for livestock. et al. (2017) and Bartl et al. (2009), reported Currently there are very few studies that values higher than 20.6%. Values reported by characterize the nutritional value of Vicia sativa in Bartl et al. (2009) and Huang et al. (2017) were the central highlands of Peru (Bartl et al., 2009; higher than the CP reported by us of 17.58%, Montoya, 2017) and to the best of our knowledge, which could be due to sample content (stem and chemical composition of Vicia sativa pods (VSP) leaves) which increases the protein content of have not been previously reported. Therefore, the their sample. Forage protein content should be objective of this study was to characterize the adequate to feed ruminants, while minimizing nutritional value of VSP. nitrogen excretion, and therefore pollution (Wilkens et al., 2020). 2. Material and methods For NDF, Huang et al. (2017) reported an average value of 24.2% with a range between 14.4% to Location and sampling 42.3%. Badrzadeh et al. (2008), Bartl et al. (2009), The work was conducted at the National Institute and Calsamiglia et al. (2016) reported values in a of Agrarian Innovation (INIA, for its acronym in range from 34.8 to 57.7. However, Jabessa et al. Spanish) at Santa Ana Experimental Station, (2020) reported a higher NDF content, with an located in Huancayo, Junin, Peru (longitude 11º average value of 73.4 for NDF. The NDF level 55' 00'' S, latitude and 76º 10' 00'' W, altitude 3,260 found in the present study corresponded with the m.a.s.l). Annual rainfall averages of 818.40 mm average reported in the literature. The NDF is with temperature range between 4.09 and inversely related to the level of food consumption 20.24 °C (SENAMHI -Perú, 2019). Two hectares therefore, when a feed diet is formulate, the NDF of Vicia sativa were cultivated and fertilized at a might be a good indicator of consumption (Meyer, rate of 0 N, 10 P, and 60 K (kg ha–1). After being 2010). To the best of our knowledge, there are no dried out in the field, VSP were separated from the previous reports of IVD values in Vicia sativa. plants and samples were randomly collected. Estimated energy values for digestible energy Chemical analysis and estimation of (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) are given on energy values dry matter basis in Table 1. Energy values are For chemical analysis, VSP were oven dried at 60 commonly estimated from TND, and IVD ºC and milled through a 1.0 mm screen. Crude (Eastridge, 2002; Weiss and Tebbe, 2019). In this protein (CP) was determined according to AOAC study, we estimated the energy for VSP values (1990). In vitro dry matter digestibility (IVD) and based on the chemical values of IVD, CP, and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were analyzed by NDF, according to previous studies findings the methods of Goering and Van Soest (1970). performed with forages in Peru (Lafore et al., Digestible energy (DE; 4.4xIVD l00–1) and 1999; Montoya, 2017). Estimated energy values metabolizable energy (ME; 3.6xIVD 100–1) were findings for VSP were similar to the ones reported estimated following the description of Lafore et al. for the Vicia sativa from Huang et al. (2017) and (1999). Calsamiglia et al. (2016). According to Huang et al. (2017) the DE and ME content of Vicia sativa 3. Results and discussion varies from 3.25 to 3.90 and from 2.07 to 2.99 Mcal The chemical composition of VSP is given on dry kg-1, respectively. According to FEDNA, the ME matter basis in Table 1. For CP, Badrzadeh et al. content varies from 2.13 to 2.40 from lower to (2008), Calsamiglia et al. (2016), and Jabessa et higher qualities of the forages (Calsamiglia et al., al. (2020), reported values in a range from 9.9% to 2016). Table 1 Chemical composition and energy values based on dry matter in Vicia sativa pods 1 Badrzadeh et Huang et al. Bartl et al. Calsamiglia et Jabessa et al. Composition Value al. (2008) (2017) (2009) al. (2016) (2020) CP2 17.58±0.19 18 20.6 to 39.3 28.4 to 27.1 9.9 to 16.6 16.5 NDF2 44.96±0.13 35.2 14.4 to 42.3 34.8 to 37.7 36.4 to 57.7 73.4 IVD2 55.81±0.29 - - - - - DE3 2.46 - 3.25 to3.90 - - - ME3 2.01 - 2.07 to 2.99 - 2.13 to 2.40 - 1 CP: Crude protein, NDF: Neutral detergent fiber, IVD: in vitro dry matter digestibility, DE: digestible energy, ME: metabolizable energy 2 Values expressed in percentage 3 Values expressed in Mcal kg-1 - 308 - F-A. Corredor et al. / Agroind. sci. 10(3): 307 - 309 (2020) In general, previous studies of Vicia sativa nutrient Berhane, G.; Eik, L.O. 2006. Effect of vetch (Vicia sativa) hay supplementation on performance of Begait and Abergelle goats content are similar to those presented in our study, in northern Ethiopia. I. Milk yield and composition. Small suggesting the potential of VSP as a source of Ruminant Research 64(3): 225-232. important nutrients for incorporation into animal Bevz, S.; Toshkina, E. 2020. Cultivation of legume-grain agrocenoses for the purpose of resource saving in forage production. In IOP diets. Taken together these results, VSP nutritive Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 422: content are similar to the Vicia sativa steam and 012034. leaves. Calsamiglia, S.; Ferret, A.; Bach, A. 2016. Tablas FEDNA de valor nutritivo de forrajes y subproductos húmedos 2a edición (FEDNA tables of the nutritional value of fodder and by-products 4. Conclusions 2nd edition). Fundación Española para el Desarrollo de la Nutrición Animal, Madrid. Overall, chemical composition of VSP showed a Eastridge, M.L. 2002. Energy in the New Dairy NRC. The Ohio State moderate energy content and a high CP content. University. Francis, C.M.; Enneking, D.; Abd El Moneim, A.M. 2000. When and These results demonstrated that the use of VSP where will vetches have an impact as grain legumes?, 34: 375- as a protein supplement is a feasible option. 384. Additionally, VSP could be an option to increase Goering, H.K.; Van Soest, P.J. 1970. Forage fibre analyses, Agricultural Handbook No. 379. Washington, DC, USA: USDA. livestock output during the season of scarce of rain Huang, Y.F.; Gao, X.L.; Nan, Z.B.; Zhang, Z.X. 2017. Potential value (dry season). Further analysis of inclusion levels of the common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) as an animal feedstuff: a in the use of animal diets should be determined. review. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 101(5): 807-823. Using VSP as a protein supplement in animal Jabessa, T.; Amare, Z.; Dejene, G. 2020. Performance Evaluation of diets, with adequate processing techniques, could Vetch Varieties/Genotypes for Their Agronomic Performance and Nutritive Value in Selected Midland of East Guji Zone, improve animal performance. Adola, Southern Oromia and Ethiopia. Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports 2: 54–59. Acknowledgements Lafore, M.; San Martín, F.; Bojórquez, C.; Arbaiza, T.; Carcelén, F. The authors would like to thank to the Estación 1999. Diagnóstico alimenticio y composición químico nutricional de los principales insumos de uso pecuario del valle del Experimental Agraria Santa Ana members who mantaro. Revista de Investigaciones Veterinarias Del Peru participated in this study. We appreciate the support of 10(2): 74-78. the Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Lanyasunya, T.P.; Mukisira, E.A.; Kariuki, S.T.; Ilatsia, E.D. 2007. 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