DSpace Colección :
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12955/8
2024-03-27T15:52:28ZAn international breeding project using a wild potato relative Solanum commersonii resulted in two new frost-tolerant native potato cultivars for the Andes and the Altiplano
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12955/2454
Título : An international breeding project using a wild potato relative Solanum commersonii resulted in two new frost-tolerant native potato cultivars for the Andes and the Altiplano
Autor : Arcos Pineda, Jesus Heraclides; Del Rio, Alfonso H.; Bamberg, John B.; Vega Semorile, Sandra E.; Palta, Jiwan P.; Salas, Alberto; Gomez, Rene; Roca, William; Ellis, David
Resumen : This breeding project, initiated at the United States Potato Genebank (USPG) in collaboration with Peruvian partners Instituto Nacional de Innovacion Agraria (INIA), International Potato Center, Peru (CIP), and local farmers, sought to enhance cold hardiness and frost tolerance in native potato cultivars in Peru. The Andes and Altiplano are often affected by frost, which causes significant reduction in yield; creating varieties with superior resilience is a critical undertaking. The goal was to transfer outstanding non-acclimated cold tolerance and acclimation capacity found in wild potato species Solanum commersonii (cmm). Breeding families segregating for cold hardiness were created using (a) a somatic hybrid cmm + haploid Solanum tuberosum (tbr) (cv. Superior, US variety from Wisconsin) as male and (b) seven cultivars native to Peru of the species S. tuberosum sbsp. andigenum (adg) as females. All plant materials were part of the USPG germplasm collection. Sexual seeds of each family were sent to Peru for evaluations under the natural conditions of the Andean highlands and Altiplano. The plants were assessed for their response to frost, and genotypes showing exceptional tolerance were selected. Plants were also evaluated for good tuber traits and yield. Initial planting involving ~2,500 seedlings in five locations resulted in selecting 58 genotypes with exceptional frost tolerance, good recovery capacity after frost, and good tuber traits. Over the years, evaluations continued and were expanded to replicated field trials in the harsher conditions of the Altiplano (Puno). All trials confirmed consistency of frost tolerance over time and location, tuber quality, and yield. After 8 years, two advanced clones were considered for cultivar release because of their exceptional frost tolerance and superior field productivity that outyielded many of the established cultivars in the region. In November 2018, a new native cultivar named Wiñay, a Quechua word meaning “to grow” was released in Peru. In 2022, a second cultivar followed with the name Llapanchispaq (meaning “for all of us”). This project evidenced that a multinational and all-encompassing approach to deploy valuable genetic diversity can work and deliver effective results. This is even more significant when outcomes can promote food security and sustainability in very vulnerable regions of the world.2024-03-05T00:00:00ZStudy of the physicochemical characteristics, antimicrobial activity, and in vitro multiplication of wild blackberry species from the Peruvian highlands
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12955/2449
Título : Study of the physicochemical characteristics, antimicrobial activity, and in vitro multiplication of wild blackberry species from the Peruvian highlands
Autor : Lapiz Culqui, Yoiner K.; Meléndez Mori, Jegnes Benjamín; Tejada Alvarado, José Jesús; Cortez, Denny
Resumen : The Peruvian Andes are the natural habitat of several wild blackberry species that are little known and exploited due to the lack of technological and scientific development to support their agricultural potential. In this context, a study was conducted to understand the physicochemical composition, bioactive compounds, antimicrobial activity, and in vitro multiplication of four wild blackberry (Rubus sp.) species from the northern Peruvian highlands. The results indicate that fruits of R. floribundus presented the highest content of total soluble solids (9.58 ± 1.83°Brix) and titratable acidity (1.88 ± 0.07% citric acid). The fruits of R. weberbaueri recorded the highest total phenolic content (415.06 ± 8.69 mg GAE/100 g Ff). The antioxidant capacity determined by the DPPH assay varied significantly among species, with the highest value found in fruits of R. andicola (50.27 ± 0.11 mg TE/100 g Ff). The fruit extracts of R. weberbaueri and R. andicola showed better antimicrobial activity, with Staphylococcus aureus being the most sensitive bacterium. In the in vitro multiplication phase, the results show that BAP (6-Benzylaminopurine) has a significant effect at a dose of 1.5 mg l−1 on shoot number, leaf number, and shoot length. The results may help in the management of genetic resources.2024-02-16T00:00:00ZTraditional potato tillage systems in the Peruvian Andes impact bacterial diversity, evenness, community composition, and functions in soil microbiomes
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12955/2448
Título : Traditional potato tillage systems in the Peruvian Andes impact bacterial diversity, evenness, community composition, and functions in soil microbiomes
Autor : García Serquén, Aura Liz; Chumbe Nolasco, Lenin Dimitriv; Navarrete, Acacio Aparecido; Girón Aguilar, Rita Carolina; Gutiérrez Reynoso, Dina Lida
Resumen : The soil microbiome, a crucial component of agricultural ecosystems, plays a pivotal role in crop production and ecosystem functioning. However, its response to traditional tillage systems in potato cultivation in the Peruvian highlands is still far from understood. Here, ecological and functional aspects of the bacterial community were analyzed based on soil samples from two traditional tillage systems: 'chiwa' (minimal tillage) and 'barbecho' (full tillage), in the Huanuco region of the Peruvian central Andes. Similar soil bacterial community composition was shown for minimal tillage system, but it was heterogeneous for full tillage system. This soil bacterial community composition under full tillage system may be attributed to stochastic, and a more dynamic environment within this tillage system. 'Chiwa' and 'barbecho' soils harbored distinct bacterial genera into their communities, indicating their potential as bioindicators of traditional tillage effects. Functional analysis revealed common metabolic pathways in both tillage systems, with differences in anaerobic pathways in 'chiwa' and more diverse pathways in 'barbecho'. These findings open the possibilities to explore microbial bioindicators for minimal and full tillage systems, which are in relationship with healthy soil, and they can be used to propose adequate tillage systems for the sowing of potatoes in Peru.2024-02-17T00:00:00ZUso de maracuyá (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) como portainjerto para la propagación de especies de Passiflora supersect. Tacsonia colectadas en Perú
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12955/2447
Título : Uso de maracuyá (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) como portainjerto para la propagación de especies de Passiflora supersect. Tacsonia colectadas en Perú
Autor : Chávez Corcuera, Gonzalo; Torres Chacón, Rosmery; Fernandez Huaytalla, Elizabeth; Elías Da Silva, Rosa Angelica; Gutiérrez Reynoso, Dina Lida
Resumen : Las especies de Passiflora supersect. Tacsonia (Juss.) Feuillet & J.M. MacDougal son plantas adaptadas a los ecosistemas andinos que producen frutos comestibles. Estos son cultivados y comercializados a pequeña escala para su consumo como fruta fresca y para la elaboración de postres y bebidas. Ante las fuertes perturbaciones antrópicas y ambientales que sufre el hábitat natural de las especies de Passiflora L., la extinción parcial o total de ellas es una realidad latente. Por ello, con el fin de conservar estos recursos en Bancos de Germoplasma, es necesario el desarrollo de métodos óptimos para la propagación de las distintas especies. Con la intención de conservar ex situ, en la Colección de Passiflora del Banco de Germoplasma del Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA) a las especies de Passiflora supersect. Tacsonia, se verificó la viabilidad del uso de Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa O. Deg. como portainjerto para la propagación asexual de seis taxa seleccionados. Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima (Kunth) Holm-Niels. & P. Jørg., P. cumbalensis (H. Karst.) Harms, P. pinnatistipula Cav., P. tarminiana Coppens & V.E. Barney, P. peduncularis Cav. y P. trifoliata Cav. var. trifoliata fueron injertados en P. edulis f. flavicarpa obteniendo un éxito de prendimiento y aclimatación óptima para todos los taxa seleccionados. Adicionalmente, todos los taxa con excepción de P. trifoliata var. trifoliata produjeron flores y frutos. Finalmente, este es el primer registro de propagación y cultivo exitoso para P. trifoliata y P. peduncularis, ambas especies endémicas de Perú, en un hábitat cercano al nivel del mar.2024-02-05T00:00:00Z